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Abstract: The study examined the influence of farmer group membership on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed. The analysed data was presented using tables. From the analysis 229(75.3%) of the farmers belonged to a farmer group while 75(24.7%) were not members of any farmer group. The results indicated that the relationship was significant at 0.005 and 0.006 for the practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination respectively. It can be concluded that membership in a farmer group increased the chance of a farmer practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination. The study recommends that government should facilitate the Farmer Groups to transform their organizations into cooperatives in order to gain legal identify to transact business, increase their bargaining power and intensify their collective voices in policy engagement.
Keywords: Farmer group membership, improved agricultural technologies, agricultural productivity.
Title: Influence of Farmer Group Membership on the Practice of Improved Agricultural Technologies: A Case of Nyamusi Division, Nyamira County Kenya
Author: Mirasine Meiguran, Tom Nyangau, Evans Basweti
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications

Abstract: Since the first case of HIV/AIDS was reported in Kenya in 1984 the numbers of those infected have risen and many people have since died or are living with the HIV/AIDS since the epidemic started in 1980s in the drug injecting people and the homosexuals. These deaths have resulted in Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC). This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with one of the objective of finding out the socio-economic effect of HIV/AIDS on Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nyamira district.  A sample of 384 people participated in the study. The people were through simple random selected from Bonyegwe sublocation of Nyamusi division.  Semi-structured interview schedules were used in data collection from the households. To remove ambiguity, the research tools were pre-tested to both HIV/AIDS organizations and householders not in the sample population but with similar characteristics. The research tools were refined and used on the actual sample population. Text, graphs, figures and tables were used in data presentation. The study indicates that those people who had not attained any level of formal education were (17%). The study revealed that householders (40%) had higher proportion of secondary education as compared with members of HIV/AIDS organizations (37%). Most of the members of HIV/AIDS organizations (89%) indicated that farming is their main source of income and a cushion for food security as compared with householders (63%). The ministry of health should strengthen provision of PMTCT services at the ANC clinic so that we prevent more cases of orphans and vulnerable children. The study suggests that in future all mothers who test positive for HIV virus should be put on treatment in order to reduce defaulters at the same time reach sustainable coverage in the provision of HIV/AIDS services to the orphans and vulnerable children in the society.

Keywords: children, HIV/AIDS, organizations, Orphans, vulnerable.
Title: Socio-Economic Effect of HIV/AIDS on Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nyamira District
Author: Wycliffe Manyulu Clement, Alloys S.S. Orago, Wilson Otengah
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications

Abstract: Resilience as a common goal has the potential to bring together those working on HIV/AIDs, social development and human rights. Resilience building facilitates an opportunity for different practitioners and policy makers to work in a way that responds to needs and empowers individual men and women, and their communities. Resilience makes us strong and community makes us thrive. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with one of the objective of finding out the community resilience mechanisms in prevention, control and management of HIV/AID’s in Nyamira district. A Sample size of 384 people were selected for participation in the study. The enumerators were trained on the tools and a dry run was done during the training so the interviewers can comprehend the flow of questions. This helped in restructuring and rearranging of questions so that there was ease of data collection when in the community. Before dissemination of the study finding the data analyzed and presented in text, graphs, figures and tables for ease of understanding. Most of the HIV/AIDS organizations (70%) showed that they had half-way (75%) fulfilled their objectives although they had not realized their potential due to inadequate funds. most of the organizations (65%) compared with (18%) householders advocated for care and support to PLWHA/orphans at the family unit for easy access to food and support. Most of the HIV/AIDS organizations (84%) reported that they got funding from NACC, churches (37%), Government (12%), and individuals (25%). Most of the HIV/AIDS organizations (84%) reported that they got funding from NACC, churches (37%), Government (12%), and individuals (25%). Most of the development partners working in field of HIV/AID’s should strengthen networks of local NGOs, FBOs, international humanitarian organisations, and government ministries both at local and national levels for effective knowledge management and information dissemination on HIV/AID’s resilience.

Keywords: community, control, HIV/AIDS, management, orphans, prevention, resilience.
Title: Community Resilience Mechanisms in Prevention, Control and Management of HIV/AID’s in Nyamira District
Author: Wycliffe Manyulu Clement, Alloys S.S. Orago, Wilson Otengah
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications

Abstract: There is a shift in objective of sheep farming from wool to mutton traits. A variety of sheep development programmes and research efforts for improving growth traits in India have been applied.  Different breeds of sheep are being improved through selection, crossbreeding and inter-se mating. Genetic parameters for various growth traits of sheep have been reviewed. Least squares means and standard errors of estimates, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations among various growth traits are presented. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between the different growth traits were very sparse. More accurate analysis of genetic parameters and in particular correlations between different growth traits are required for accurate genetic evaluation and development of breeding objectives. Growth characteristics of indigenous and crossbred sheep evolved in different environmental conditions of country are reviewed.

Keywords: Correlation, Genetic parameters, Growth traits, Heritability.
Title: Genetics of Growth Traits in Sheep: A Review
Author: Lalit, Z.S. Malik, D.S. Dalal, S.P. Dahiya, Ankit Magotra, C.S. Patil
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications

Abstract: Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a common, powerful and one of the most effective chemical mutagen, to induce a large number of functional variations in crops. Present study is to analyse the mutagenic effect of EMS in M1 generation of Bhindi (Abelmoscus esculanthus L. Moench. va Arka anamika). Seeds were treated with different doses (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) of mutagen for 4 hrs and grown in gunny bags along with control. Morphological, anatomical and physiological traits of Bhindi were analyzed for 50 days at definite intervals. All parameters decreased with increase in doses of EMS. Strong deleterious effect on the germination percentage was seen in 3% of EMS. There was a negative correlation in length of root, shoot length, numbers of secondary roots and fresh weight with EMS percentage. Values of growth coefficient (GC), relative growth rate (RGR), tolerance index (TI) and net productivity were gradually decreasing with increasing doses of EMS. Anatomical parameters also showed marked decrease in root and shoot. Leaf area and chlorophyll content were lowest in 3% EMS.

Keywords: Anatomy, Chlorophyll, EMS, Growth Coefficient, Leaf Area, Net Productivity, Relative Growth Rate, Tolerance Index.
Title: Impact of EMS Induction on Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Traits of Bhindi Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench
Author: Deepthi.T, Dr.Remesh K.N.
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications

Abstract: Care and support to HIV/AIDS clients includes the care given to the sick and the affected in their homes or hospitals; and care extended from the hospital or health facility to their homes through family participation and community involvement. This descriptive cross-sectional study, with the objective of finding out the role of care and support organizations in the prevention, control and management of HIV/AIDS was carried out in Nyamira, Kenya.
A sample size of 384 people was taken for the study.  A purposive sample of the one hundred and nine (109) funded care and support HIV/AIDS organizations were recruited for the research. Prompt reporting by the care and support organizations was also considered before sampling for participation in the research as this could give reliable data on HIV/AIDS activities in the district. Two hundred and ninety one (291) households were also selected for the study. One location (Bomwagambo) in the division was also selected through simple random that was sampled after multi stage sampling where Nyamusi division, one of the seven (7) divisions in the district was selected.
This research found out that majority of the householders (95%) indicated that PLWHA were in the care of family members who provided for the upkeep as compared with 88% support from HIV/AIDS care and support organizations. Foods (89%) and clothing (96%) were the major support given by HIV/AIDS support organizations to PLWHA/orphans as compared with householders (78%) and 76%) respectively). A majority of householders (82%) indicated that they were supporting their kin’s on acceptance of HIV status for those who had tested positive. The researcher concluded that the support given by organizations working with the community in the aspect of HIV/AIDS was commendable and not adequate but more dedicated support for HIV/AIDS orphans is required as the children strain the foster family and likelihood of school drop-out due lack of school fees and uniforms.

Keywords: care, support, householder, organizations, HIV/AIDS.
Title: The Role of Care and Support Organizations in Prevention, Control and Management of HIV/AIDS in Nyamira Kenya
Author: Wycliffe Manyulu Clement, Alloys S.S. Orago, Wilson Otengah
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications