Indexing

Abstract: The study explores and examines the scope of Human Resource Accounting towards effective management of Human Resources in the organization. As a phenomenon HRA attempts to valuate human resources in the organization, while it’s implemented in several global organizations some organizations have found the process beneficial and on other hand some have given away the concept of HRA in their accounting procedures. This research attempts to find a suitable arrangement to benefit organizations in using this methodology.

Abstract: In India, buying and selling of agricultural commodities is regulated under APMC Act of respective State Government. APMC performs a crucial function of organizing agriculture trade, providing a meeting point for buyers and sellers.  Thus, by creating regulated markets, the price paid to farmers by licensed middlemen for their produce could be monitored and thereby ensuring that they were not exploited (Aditya Singh). But over the years it grew into a monster, gaining layer upon layer of intermediaries, none of whom added any value to the commodities they traded, even as they added on their own margins mainly due to the non-transparent price setting in the market where seller and buyer are often cheated (Pradeep Kumar Mishra and Anjani Sinha). This makes the chain inefficient, resulting into costlier food products to the consumers. Therefore there exists the need for the commodity exchanges which can lead to development of structured mechanism of agricultural produce through which non-transparency in price setting can be overcome and could help in making available up-to-date market information through various means including internet at the exchange. In this regard, the present study has been undertaken to study the pricing patterns of APMC and Regional commodity exchange and to know the Cost of intermediation involved when they trade through APMC and exchange to suggest measures to improve the efficiency of the agricultural marketing system. Soya bean (commodity) has been chosen for the study.

Abstract: The outlook for Indian exports in 2016/17 is expected to remain weak due to continued moderation in growth in China and the general slowdown in emerging markets economies. Low commodity prices and a global slowdown, driven by faltering Chinese economy, is all set to take exports to their lowest in five years in 2015-16. This in turn could derail the recovery process. With exports getting affected and domestic demand subdued, capacity utilisation levels for key sectors will take time to improve, which will delay the recovery process of companies. India's major requirement use to be food grains and other goods in import with fast industrialization, the composition of India's imports goods changed and needed chemicals, fertilizers and machinery which were required to meet the developmental requirements of country. In the composition of export; country sells agricultural products such as tea, spices, and other raw materials. However, with the industrialization of the financial system, compositions of exports changed. Currently, India exports products such as machinery chemicals and marine products. This may enhance the fiscal condition of India.

Abstract: Banking is totally different than other forms of organizations as it deals with public money.  Indian economy has gone through various reforms since two decades. Reforms came into picture from Liberalization Privatization and Globalization policy and continued till today. The LPS policy has affected on Indian banking system and emerged with so many opportunities as well as problems for Indian banking. There are various risks with which bankers are dealing viz. credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk etc. The research paper aims at studying one important and crucial type of risk. Reputation Risk is such a risk which may result in collapse of entire banking organization. However, the learner will be comparing and analyzing reputation risks between public, private and Co-operative banks. The learner will be studying challenges faced by the banker while managing reputation risk. 

Abstract: There has been an increased concern over high credit risk for small and medium enterprise loan in financial institutions. High interest rates, credit rating, recovery mechanisms and business experience play an important role in influencing credit risk for small and medium enterprise loans. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing credit risk for small and medium enterprise loans a survey of banks in Kitale Town, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: To establish the influence of interest rates on credit risk of small and medium enterprise loans in banks, bto find out the influence of credit rating in credit risk of small and medium enterprise loans in banks,  to establish the influence of recovery mechanism in credit risk of small and medium enterprise loans in banks, and  to assess the influence of business experience in credit risk of small and medium enterprise loans in banks.  Credit management theory, trade-off theory, modern portfolio theory were used to underpin the study. Explanatory research design was used in this study. The study targeted 331 employees from 11 Commercial Banks in Kitale. The study used stratified sampling technique. Interest rates, credit rating, recovery mechanism and business experience were taken as the independent variables while credit risk was the dependent variable. Pilot study was used to test the validity and reliability of the research instrument. Interest rates showed a positive and significant effect on credit risk (β= 0.153, ρ<0.05). Also credit rating showed a positive and significant effect on credit risk (β= 0.256, ρ<0.05). Further, recovery mechanism showed a positive and significant effect on credit risk (β= 0.243, ρ<0.05). While business experience showed a positive and significant effect on credit risk (β= 0.233, ρ<0.05). In conclusion, the study has established that whenever there are high short-term interest rates, there is an increase in credit risk. In addition, interest rate shifts are heterogeneous across the firm and have different implications for leverage and default in the short run than in the longer run. Hence the study recommends for need for a comprehensive risk management process that ensures the timely identification, measurement, monitoring, and control of risk.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is how to apply TAM model proposed by Davis, F. D. (1989) and Marketing factor to improve the purchasing intention on luxury fashion products via Mobile commerce. Conceptual Framework is mainly based on 3 hypotheses, 7 sub variables. (Fashion Innovativeness, Fashion Involvement, Brand image, and the constructs Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social influence, Security) Quantitative research is used to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. All hypotheses tested factor analysis, Reliability, Correlations, and Multiple regressions. Data were collected from 253 respondents through online questionnaires within the period of 1st of February to 25th of March 2016. Computer program Statistical Package for the social science (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. Our results illustrated that all variables have positive related on purchase intention. There is no doubt Mobile technologies have the potential to bring changes to traditional shopping.

Abstract: Procurement performance and organization performance are intricately and inextricably intertwined. Procurement function uses the largest portion of an organizations budget. This is why it is important to maximize on effective and efficient management of the procurement function in an entity. In the public sector, procurement function is the main source of service delivery to the citizens of a country. Public procurement employees are entrusted with the public funds to purchase on behalf of the entities they are serving in. Despite Government efforts for improvement, public procurement is still marred by sub optimal works, inadequate quality of goods and services. Stakeholders complain about poor service delivery, allegations of mega corruptions, overpriced items just to mention but a few. The general objective of this study was to assess factors influencing procurement performance in Kenyan public sector with specific focus on the Trans-Nzoia County. The study sought to assess the extent to which planning, contract management, work environment and staff competence influence procurement performance. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was all the 33 procurement employees comprising 28 employees and the 5 managers working in the procurement departments in Trans-Nzoia County. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules for the managers. Both descriptive and inferential data analysis methods including frequencies, percentages, analysis of variance and regression were used. Data was presented using, tables and figures. The findings were analyzed based on the objectives of the study as explored. The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS) 20. Demographic indicators show that majority of the study participants are qualified and have attained education levels sufficient to influence favourably their comprehension of antecedents to effective management of the procurement function. Further findings on years of experience indicate that officers participating in the procurement function in the Trans-Nzoia County have long procurement experience. Overall procurement planning was most significant driver in procurement performance followed by staff competence, and contract management in that order. Work environment returned a negative influence. It is recommended that reforms in the Department be anchored by ensuring that procurement plans are prepared as per the set guidelines in the Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Act 2015 and should be strictly adhered to in order to obtain better performance in procurement in Trans-Nzoia County. Impulse buying and unplanned procurements should be highly discouraged. Continuous professional development and training of procurement staff should be sustained.

Abstract: The modern technology gives new direction to companies for advertise the product thats known    by digital marketing. It is platform which offer a lot of advantages like less cost, fast communication, quickly feedback  etc. it is new marketing technique that used for interactive communication by companies. When company wants to approach new potential customers, getting customer loyalty, establish routes for good relationship marketing at that time marketer adopt this. It is unique and different from traditional marketing which is essential for companies to obtain sustainable growth. This paper highlights the key factors of the digital marketing that affects the company directly and includes challenges, status of the digital marketing in the market of India.

Abstract: Revenue collection is very crucial for the survival of any organizations. All organizations undertake revenue collections to meet their budgetary obligations. Successful revenue collection means that the ultimate objective of the organization must be well defined. Interference from civil leaders seriously hampers operations in revenue collection in their wards. When the County Governments fail to optimally collect requisite revenues, the public will negatively be affected by being denied vital services. Moreover, the National Government will be overburdened by the financial demand from the County Governments which will ultimately negate the national economy. The objectives were; to determine the effect of revenue collection practices on Revenue collection efficiency, to determine the effect of internal controls on Revenue collection efficiency, to determine the effect of competencies on Revenue collection efficiency, to determine the effect of compliance level on the efficiency of Revenue collection, and to determine the combined effect of revenue collection practices, internal controls, compliance level and compliance level on the efficiency of Revenue collection. The target population were employees and management of the County Government of Trans-Nzoia. Revenue collectors, Traders, Chief Officers, Members of County Assembly, county executive committee members, clerk to assembly and county secretary. The researcher used stratified sampling technique to select employees from the various departments. Stratified sampling techniques identified subgroups in the population and their proportions and selects from each subgroup to form a sample. The findings the study were that land rates are the main sources of revenue collection. The study found out that respondents understand competencies used to collect revenue such as training of staff to improve on the efficiency of revenue collection. The study found out that respondents know internal control systems. The study established that Training of staff enhance the efficiency of the revenue collection as well trained staff will be in a position to perform their duty in a professional manner. The study recommends that , all revenue collection officers should be computerized as a means of internal control systems, training of staff should be done in reference to improving on competencies, and more means of sourcing for revenue should be established by allowing staff to be innovative to allow compliance.

Abstract: The aim behind this study was to determine role of strategic management practices on change implementation guided by three objectives; the influence of leadership styles, communication styles and employee skills on change implementation in the government of Kenya Ministries. The study used descriptive research design where 95 respondents were the representative of the entire population from 18 ministries. Questionnaires were used as the instrument of data collection. The data collected was analysed using SPSS and regression analysis method used to establish the hypothetical relationship between variables. The study established that leadership styles, communication styles and employee training were not common strategic management practices to influence change implementation in the ministries. The study concluded that the ministries should recruit managers who can analyse the business environment, formulate, implement and evaluate strategies. Ministries should adopt structures that are flexible to changes and encourage employee training to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the study recommended that ministries should introduce changes by developing a plan that will outline how change will be implemented gradually with minimal systemic and individual resistance.

Abstract: Customer satisfaction is a key factor in any organization; banks are looking to earn a stable income to our loyal customers. For many years the emergence of the marketing concept and are it to attract customer in the past. The organization can be found and the principle of marketing are not met concern is not attracting customers. The competitiveness of financial markets and financial institution and development banks, and credit, marketing and implementation of marketing strategies to attract customer. The Role of marketing in the banking industry continues to change. For many years the primary focus of bank marketing was public relations. Then the focus shifted to advertising and sales promotion. That was followed by focus on the development of a sales culture.

Abstract:The Government of Kenya came up with a policy to assist youths, women and persons with disabilities enterprises through enabling them access 30% of public of procurement opportunities. The reason for establishing the policy was to address the challenges that the youths, women and persons with disabilities are facing such as unemployment and also develop the economy of the country. This is the reason why this study wanted to investigate the factors affecting youth, women & persons with disabilities on accessing procurement opportunities in Transnzoia county Government. The study was guided by the following objectives: To determine the effect of availability financial resources by youth, women & persons with disabilities on accessing procurement opportunities in Transnzoia county government, To establish the effect of procurement procedures on youth, women & persons with disabilities in accessing procurement opportunities in Transnzoia county government and to ascertain the effects of enforcement and compliance on youth, women & persons with disabilities in accessing procurement opportunities in Transnzoia county government. The study was conducted through a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was twenty (20) Procurement Practitioners working under supply chain department and one hundred and twenty five (125) youth, women & persons with disabilities’ enterprises in Transnzoia County Government. The whole population was considered in data collection; hence it was a census. A questionnaire was the primary source of collection of data from the respondents. Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze qualitative data and factor analysis (PCA) was used to identify the underlying factors. By identifying the factors affecting youth, women & persons with disabilities in accessing procurement opportunities in Transnzoia County Government, the researcher and concerned policy makers will use the findings to enable achievement of provision of legal notice 114 of June 2013 that reserves 30% of procurement opportunities to the youth, women & persons with disabilities. The study established that availability of financial resources, procurement procedures and enforcement and compliance contributes to accessing procurement opportunities in Transnzoia County Government. Youths should not be treated equally with women and persons with disabilities.

Abstract: The flower firms in Kenya face high competition from those in the developed countries whose produce is deemed to be of quality. There is a need therefore to improve on the activities in Kenyan flower firms to gain competitive edge. This study sought to provide insights into policies and practices of flower production and marketing in MajiMazuri Flower Company in Uasin Gishu County. The overall objective of the study was to look at the Factors Affecting the Performance of Cut flower firms and the main factors that shape its structure and functioning in the cut flower industry in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought, to establish the contribution Government policy in the performance of the cut flower. The target population is Maji Mazuri flowers with 37 employees. The study used Census research design on a total of 37 departmental heads and supervisors. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews then analysed by SPSS. It was found out that the Government of Kenya supports the flower sector by providing export licenses, marketing horticultural produce internationally through the Ministry of Agriculture. It is recommended that Flower firms need to follow the rules and regulation in place for them to succeed.

Abstract: This research paper have been attempted for the betterment of people of Jharkhand and how they will be been fitted by the role of banks and their schemes. The banks can better understand their clients changing needs and behaviours of their segments which affects the market delivery services to meet their expectations. The bank can respond to the rapid technological advancement that are threatening the relevance of traditional banking delivery channels. The implication are of the changing envioronment from a revenue, cost product offering, and market distribution point of view. The tribal people are economically the poorest people of Indian. Majority of them live beta the poverty line. The tribal economy is based on agriculture of the crudest type. The main economic problems of the tribal. The innocence, illiteracy and helplessness of the tribal are exploited by the outsiders. The British policy in particular, had led to ruthless exploitation of the tribal in various ways as it favoured the zamindars, landlords, money lenders, forest contractors and excise, revenue and police officials. Education is one key to socio-economic development. The more educated a potential workforce is the more attractive it is to potential employers. A more educated workforce can also expect higher pay levels. Which help to stimulate overall economic activity. Besides the direct economic benefits, there are indirect benefits such as in improvement in public health and a better understanding among the public and its leaders of how to effectively and effectively and efficiently utilize resources. Resources are a basic essential for socio-economic development. It a group of people started a country in the middle of a desert, they would find economic development difficult unless they had large amounts of capital or their were value able resources under the sand. In many cases, resources mean natural resources such as water, farmland, oil or valuable minerals. Resources, through, do not have to mean natural product that are harvested and sold. An educated workforce and good infrastructure are both resources. The land itself can be a resource in the case of tourist draws.

Abstract: The paper aims to understanding the benefits of green products and its marketing in the present scenario. The motivation behind this study was the uncomfortable life situation of people day by day. The products like unhealthy foods, cosmetics, other needy things would lead to harmful health problems including life style diseases. Emerging trends in the industrialisation do not notice such things.  Commonly industry does not keep the business ethics as whole.  The relevance of green marketing comes in to the existence of such areas where the products are deal without any caution about the use of customers.  This study focus on the present customers perception towards new trends known as green marketing and products. The main areas in this paper covered by the uses, importance and the preference of customers in connection with green products and it's services.

Abstract: The theories of Foreign Direct Investment explain the utility of foreign investment in the developing country and that have various views to expand the business of local market in these countries. As we know that the Foreign Direct Investment internationalizes the local firms, brings foreign investment which leads to the development, further investment opportunities by the foreign companies and it improves growth rate also etc.
The purpose of this research paper is to know the roles of Foreign Direct Investment theories and identify the similarities and differences in that. Researcher has studied the some theories to get an ideas regarding investment at international level made by the developed countries. As per the first theory named ‘Production Cycle Theory of Vernon’ states that in the first stage, foreign companies establish their plants in local country, start operational activities for local people and exports surplus to the other countries. The second theory named ‘The theory of Exchange Rates on Imperfect Markets’ explains that exchange increases stimulated Foreign Direct Investment made by US, while a foreign currency appreciation has reduced American Foreign Direct Investment. The third theory named ‘Internationalization Theory’ describes that domestic company under its conditions internationalizes its marketing and other operation activities in the foreign market through Foreign Direct Investment and the last theory named ‘Dunning’s Electic Theory’ covers some advantages like for e.g. Ownership, Location and Internationalization etc. which are derived by combining the country locations. The following are ownership advantages; Monopoly advantages in the form of privileged access to markets through ownership of natural limited resources, patents, trademarks, technology, knowledge broadly defined so as to contain all forms of innovation activities, Economics of large size such as economies of scale and scope, greater access to financial capital. ‘Location’ advantage includes; the economic benefit consists of quantitative and qualitative factors of production, cost of transport, telecommunications, market size etc. Political advantages; the common and specific government policies that affect Foreign Direct Investment flows and social advantages; includes distance between the home and home countries, cultural diversity, attitude towards strangers etc.

Abstract: The study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on community development in Akwa Ibom State with a particular reference to Julius Berger Company Plc. The study intends to find out how corporate social responsibility activities (basic social amenities, social causes and compensation to community members) enhance community development in Akwa Ibom State the Julius Berger company in Akwa Ibom State claim that they are doing enough in terms of bringing development to the communities as part of their corporate social responsibility, yet the host communities remain hostile and constantly at variance with the company. Point in time data were collected from primary source. The Ordinary Least Square was adopted and finding reveals that corporate social responsibility has significant relationship with community development in Akwa Ibom State.  It is therefore recommended that CRS activities like basic social amenities, social causes and compensation to community members and policies regarding these CRS  should be improve to enable the Julius Berger company to operate freely in the community and add to their development and CRS activities performed by Julius Berger in Akwa Ibon State should be appreciated by the communities and encouraged them to do more in the future.
Keywords: Corporate social Responsibility, Social Amenities, Social Causes, Compensation to community members and community development.
Title: Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Community Development in Akwa Ibom State: A Study of Julius Berger Company PLC in Nigeria
Author: Opusunju, Michael Isaac, Abubakar, Mohammed Babakatun, Aliyu Usman Hassan
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications

Abstract: A financial statement is the lifeblood of any business. People rely on these financial statements to know the condition, performance and ability to efficiently sustain past and future operations of a particular business. The above topic throws light on credentials of financial statement analysis in both theoretical and pragmatic ways. Through this I want to highlight the ways, methods and techniques to analyse the financial statements to determine the position of business, its profitability, future earnings, ability to pay interest, etc. in more detailed manner, which is helpful to extrapolate and forecast the future of a business concern.