Indexing

Abstract: In this paper study in rubber tire and collecting the data from previous research study to find out the some beneficial point of waste rubber tire for using as a aggregate with replacing the natural aggregate. At present the dumping of waste tires is becoming a major waste management problem in the world 7% is used for civil engineering construction work. Whole scrap tires have been used as culverts, retaining walls, and for slope and beach stabilization. The practice of these applications need to find out the some characteristic of waste tire.  

Abstract: This project is regarding the investigation on compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of unconventional concrete using waste material. The material used in this project is palm oil clinker and it has been used to replace conventional coarse aggregate in concrete. The main objective of this research is to support the usage of waste product which helps to reduce the usage of conventional construction materials that are decreasing in terms or quantity and increasing in terms of price. The rate at which extinction of natural resources and pollution is increasing day by day is becoming alarming. The pollution of the environment in causing irreparable damage to the earth and it can be avoided by the usage waste materials which can be easily obtained. Other than that, factors affecting the mechanical properties of concrete are studied throughout the literature review. This has been done in order to combine information gained into this research and provide a better solution for palm oil clinker concrete. The various tests were performed on five different types of concrete mix with different percentage of palm oil clinker as a coarse aggregate replacement. This is to study the characteristic of palm oil clinker in concrete and as well as the changes that it makes in the strength of concrete. From the result obtained, due to its water absorbing characteristic, size and shape, palm oil clinker increase the bonding between aggregate by filling in the voids. Furthermore palm oil clinker enables internal curing which allows concrete strength to be higher. It has reduced the porosity of concrete, which means it has increased the strength of concrete. Lastly, palm oil clinker as coarse aggregate replacement in concrete has a major impact in the future of construction industry by drastically increasing the strength of concrete as well as the eradication of waste.

Abstract: In consideration of geological strength of the structure, pile foundations are commonly adopted for various types of multi storied and industrial structures, bridges and offshore structures. Pile foundation is generally used in the areas where the stability of the soil is low. It can be done by drilling the pile from the ground surface until it reaches the hard strata. The safe design is very important to ensure efficient functioning of various structures even under severe loading conditions. In the design process, ground conditions (soil type) play an important role in terms of loads transferred to foundation and foundation capacity. This paper presents design of pile foundations for different ground conditions. Estimation of loads, for a typical structure considered being located in specific site, for different ground conditions according to Indian standards are presented. Design considerations based on various theories evolved on pile foundation performance concepts under loading conditions are discussed.

Abstract: Providing thermal comfort without excess space and conditioning costs is one of the primary requirements of buildings. Therefore, thermal control is an important aspect in almost all buildings. Understanding heat transfer and the temperature distribution through building materials and assemblies is also important for assessing energy use. Thermal comfort, thermal movements, durability, and the potential for moisture problems. The control of heat flow in buildings requires insulation layers compromised with few thermal bridges, an effective air barrier system, good control of solar radiation, and management of interior heat generation. Walls play a huge role in the heat gain and loss in buildings, thus, making wall an important subject in passive thermal control in buildings. This article is aimed at analyzing cavity walls and solid brick walls and comparing them for home construction in temperate regions. Temperate regions need good insulating walls, thus reducing heat loss via walls to its minimal, which in turn reduces the cost of active heating measures in buildings.

Abstract: Determining the origin of groundwater are closely related to conservation and renewable groundwater resources. Research on the source of groundwater recharge would be based on a theoretical approach, the statistical methods Principle Component Analysis and mass-balanced mixing models. Both of these methods will be tested using secondary data naturally occurring isotope of water, deuterium and oxygen-18, and ions major cations and anions in the aquifer distressed over (depth of the well between 40 dan140 meters). Source recharge ground water to be tested consists of three sources that recharge rainwater, river water and ground water.
This study aims to determine the ratio of the source of groundwater recharge using statistical methods and mass balance-mixing models. Where tracer affix source water using natural isotope parameters. In this study, physical and chemical parameters of water contained in the data of ground water, river water and rainwater are used to determine the origin or source of ground water recharge.
The results of mass balance calculation-mixing models using parameters 1H or δD and pH, to a rate of groundwater recharge source for the location of T3, T4, T6 and T13 are as follows: 43% of riverwater, 33% rainwater and 23% groundwater. Research on the ratio of recharge sources provide some information about water sources that contribute to groundwater recharge in Jakarta and surrounding areas. There are two sources that recharge rainwater and river water Bogor area near the location of groundwater. Physical development is carried out in the Bogor area will result in reduced water that seeps into the groundwater, it will bring a reduced impact to the aquifer water supply in Jakarta.

Abstract: The utilisation of alternative energy in buildings are getting closer to being a basic process in the construction of projects with the need of having sustainable building outlines with energy efficiency and expanding the exploration and utilisation of renewable energy sources in the industry with examples in solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. Solar thermal systems have turned into alternatives in the energy efficiency of current buildings, therefore less energy expending buildings, utilising the solar energy as an alternative in process are increasing and this has a tendency to give answers for energy issue which furthermore increase the lifecycle and decrease the upkeep of the buildings in general. Solar thermal systems integration in buildings have increased the performance through utilizing most building components and envelope for the generation of energy or reduction of its use which are the use of mounting solar panels ,integration of PV in windows,  facade and roof of buildings. For better understanding, this paper will compare some institutional buildings which use solar collector integrated facades, analyse the methods of application on façade, efficiency of the generation and a critic of the general use of solar collectors integrated facades. The final result of this work will help and encourage designers on specifications and integration techniques and know-how of which method of integration is best suited to be used on their building projects. 

Abstract: The importance of this paper is providing fundamental statistics for rational and outdoors shading planning, whilst designing high rise and residential buildings, shading gadgets additionally lessen the excessive use of cooling energy, lights. One of a kind techniques are been used to improve indoor thermal surroundings, using a most advantageous shading device, and also the use of a reflective glazing system to reduce sun absorption within the indoor environment. High rise buildings with large glazed façade face a fantastic over heating hassle because of solar radiation.
This paper explains distinctive cooling electricity savings while shading gadgets are applied on façade glazing with exclusive configurations and thermal performance. Glazed façade  on high rise building are generally the  norm, This paper looked  into how shading devices on high upward push buildings have a tendency to reduce sun radiation thinking about a tropical area like Malaysia, and Singapore as a case study .take a look at, and concerning buildings decided on in Malaysia the overall studies has a tendency to show that shading devices are the most green passive cooling layout approach to help control sun radiation in excessive upward thrust buildings located in the tropics.

Abstract: Irrigation water is a resource that is very strategic agriculture, the role of irrigation water has a very large dimensions. These resources not only affect productivity but also affects the spectrum utilization of agricultural commodities. Along with population growth, the demand for irrigation water to produce food (rice) will continue to increase. This is related to the fact that the setting and management of irrigation water are critical to improving agricultural productivity ..
Therefore we need a system of regulation and management of water resources so that irrigation water can be used optimally, including the provision of irrigation water that is tailored to their needs. Provision of irrigation water is the optimal amount of irrigation water supplied from the source through carrier channels (primary and secondary), tertiary canals, until the rice fields as needed. 
In this study, the optimization is done by using a Linear Program. Value obtained from this optimization needs irrigation water as needed.
In addition to the optimization is done, to achieve high efficiency and the need for channel maintenance of existing irrigation facilities so not much irrigation water is wasted.

Abstract: Energy conservation and sustainable designs are very hot topics in the world today. Currently architects and building designers greatly influence the level of energy conservation in the world, since buildings are the highest energy consumers. Generally the use of passive heating and cooling systems has had a huge impact in energy conservation, especially in the warm and humid climate. This research will therefore focus on comparing intelligent skins (case in point: double skin façade), which are adaptive and/or responsive to the surrounding environment and how efficient they can be in their energy conservation on the principles of passive designs for warm and humid climate such as natural ventilation and free air movement, providing ample shading systems, glare control and so on.
Keywords: Double skin façade, Energy Efficiency, Intelligent skins, Passive Cooling Systems Warm and humid.

Abstract: Neglection of climatic conditions in buildings have resulted to severe energy loss throughout Kenya with its climatic conditions. The results of excess consumption of fuels have an impact on the environment pollution. The aim of the research is to look back to Kenya’s vernacular homes and reflect how they were designed to shelter them from climatic conditions and how interpretation can be made to meet the requirements of modern living. Vernacular homes were chosen in comparison with modern building because their main characteristics is that they are designed with a deep understanding and respect towards nature. The research will be based on three major ethnic groups’ vernacular homes, which are the Maasai, Rendile and Taita. With the awareness of global environment vernacular homes in Kenya can be designed to meet the requirements of the modern living and us a result bring back the identity, culture and environment of the place itself.
Keywords: Climate, Architecture, Vernacular house, Modern house, Kenya.

Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.

Abstract: Finite element method has gained immense popularity in the area of metal cutting for providing detailed insight in to the chip formation process. This report presents an overview of the application of finite element method in the study of metal cutting process. The basics of both metal cutting and finite element methods, being the foremost in understanding the applicability of finite element method in metal cutting, have been discussed in brief. In this project, thermo mechanical simulation of turning process has been developed using commercially available finite element analysis software, ABAQUS 6.10. A 2-D orthogonal cutting has been modelled using an Arbitrary Lagrangian - Eulerian (ALE) formulation. The Johnson-Cook plasticity model has been assumed to describe the material behaviour during the process. Adaptive meshing dynamic explicit is also employed in this model to avoid the severe deformation. This study is aimed at temperature and stresses distributions during machining of AISI 1050 steel with three different speed 120m/min, feed 0.1 mm/rev. and depth of cut 1.5 mm. The results showed for speed 120 m/min, feed 0.1 and depth of cut 1.5 that the maximum stress for -7oC rake angle is 1.35 GPa while the maximum temperature results shown that 699°C.