Indexing

Abstract:This feasibility study of using reclaimed wastewater for concrete mixing was carried out in the laboratory. The compressive strength of concrete cubes cast with reclaimed wastewater in the total mixing water was studied. In general, slight increases in strength at early ages were observed from cubes cast with reclaimed wastewater compared with those, cast with potable water. At 7 days and 28 days compressive strengths were determined. No adverse effect on compressive strength was observed when concrete was cured in reclaimed wastewater. In fact, concrete cubes asted in reclaimed wastewater showed increases in strength at earlier ages compared to those casted in potable water. The long-term compressive strengths are similar.

Abstract: Natural ventilation, being the most environmentally friendly form of ventilation is very important in improving thermal comfort and indoor air quality in buildings. With the advancement in technology, there have been introduced many mechanical ways of ventilation as well. However, natural ventilation strategies hold many advantages over such mechanical solutions such as lower initial and maintenance costs. Due to the hot and humid climate of Famagusta, natural ventilation is therefore an effective way of improving thermal comfort and indoor air quality in residential buildings. This study aims to determine the most effective means of achieving natural ventilation and the most ideal orientation for residential buildings in the city of Famagusta, North Cyprus during the summer and winter periods.

Abstract: The choice of insulation material plays a critical role in the heat conduction and indoor living quality. The need for elimination of mechanical appliances to reduce electrical costs and a chance to bring a change to the sustainable ways and how we choose the end product to replace them. The choice between XPS and EPS gives a comparative measure to the choice of the insulation material as we are going to compare with properties of both and the real life simulation for an overview of the numerical analysis from the two materials. The findings from the report came about from the help of simulations from Energy 2D software which is used to produce interactive results of visual Multiphysics to model all the modes of heat transfer; conduction, convection, and radiation. Due to varying average monthly temperatures, insulation materials react differently when exposed to multiple weather conditions and in this study, an average of 16 hours is used to calculate and simulate the reaction of EPS and XPS into a particular section of a wall and its immediate interior space. From the graph and tables, the outcomes are seen immediately the heat source is active and how the insulation works over time when a constant temperature is applied to a partial section of the house. To get the appropriate results for the location, average temperatures are used for each month to simulate the heat conductivity of both EPS and XPS over a period of hours to acquire data for analysis.

Abstract:Designing energy efficient and comfortable buildings requires harmonizing the complex interactions of architecture, construction and building service engineering. The building envelope has a particular importance, since it integrates many functions and has direct influence on indoor climate. Focusing on satisfaction of the user means that the indoor climate is a key for a holistic design approach. Only a satisfied user will not intervene with the designed energy concept or the indoor climate control; dissatisfaction results in multiple system interventions which may cause waste of energy and sometimes even damage to building envelope components. Satisfaction with the indoor environment also increases working productivity or enables effective recreation of residents. The paper deals with international research activities in the field of climate specific building design. Various comfort and energy monitoring surveys of office buildings as well as residential buildings provide substantial information about the occupants' behavior and their needs during specific situations under different outdoor climates. This information allows summarizing basic climate dependent design principles which architects should keep in mind during the early stages of the design process. It also helps to develop strategies aiming at reducing building energy demand and at the same time consider comfort aspects. The second part of this paper demonstrates application of the climate dependent design principles in a housing project in Chennai.

Abstract:A refinery is a production facility composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of value. The major equipments in a refinery are furnace and a distillation unit. Distillation is the separation or partial separation of a liquid feed mixture into components or fractions by selective boiling (or evaporation) and condensation. The characteristics of the refinery products are dependent on the furnace’s outlet temperature and the parameters of the distillation tower.
The control scheme at CPCL has drawbacks that affect the performance of the furnace and distillation column. The drawbacks are analyzed and a modified control scheme is proposed. This control scheme will reduce the deviations caused by the existing control system at CPCL.
The Furnace’s outlet crude oil temperature depends on the inlet crude oil flow and the fuel flow (both fuel oil and fuel gas). By designing control algorithms and modifications, we are going to overcome the unstabilised furnace outlet temperature of CPCL (any refining industry).The furnace inputs are air, gas, steam and oil. By controlling these input parameters using PIC microcontroller, we will get the steady state furnace outlet temperature.
In Distillation tower, the level and the temperature of the tray should be maintained in order to obtain the distillation products in an efficient way. In CPCL, there are frequent tray level changes and there is dependency between temperature and level. In order to overcome these disadvantages both these parameters are maintained by controlling the flow of the recycled water from the tray.
In real time distillation column and furnace cannot be constructed in small scale. Therefore, an electrical furnace and a simulation of distillation column are created and the closed loop control of the furnace temperature is implemented. The distillation column is simulated as a open loop control process. PIC microcontroller is used for interfacing with the PC and for implementing the control program. PIC microcontroller PIC 16F877A is used.

Abstract: To save energy and to earn carbon credit is very much essential for the betterment of mankind. To produce 1 tons of Ordinary Portland Cement we use earth resources like limestone, etc & during manufacturing of 1 t of Ordinary Portland Cement an equal amount of carbon-dioxide are released into the atmosphere which is harmful to the environment. Energy plays an important role in era of developing countries like India. By earning carbon credit by using industrial waste (hypo sludge) for Building Materials like cement, the energy & environment can be saved.