Indexing

Abstract: Diabetes is a quickly increasing worldwide problem which is produced by defective organic process of glucose secretion that produces long-term dis-function and harmful for different organs. The major problem of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR), which are vascular diseases affecting the retina due to long time diabetes. It can produce sudden vision loss due to DR. So we need to develop the system to examine the retinal images for obtain important features of diabetic retinopathy by using the image processing techniques. First the entire image is segmented. From that segmented regions, we can check varying changes in blood vessels and different features for e.g. exudates, microaneurysms, and also a set of features such as color, size, edge and texture which can be used as part of an automatic diabetes recognition system.

Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of Static Var Compensator (SVC) on voltage stability of a power system. One of the major causes of voltage instability is the reactive power limit of the system. Improving the system’s reactive power handling capacity via Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices is a remedy for prevention of voltage instability and hence voltage collapse. The effects of Static Var Compensator (SVC) in static voltage stability margin enhancement will be studies.  Prediction of the stability margin or distance to voltage collapse is based on the reactive power load demand. The load is connected to several selected buses. The analysis is performed for IEEE 14 Bus system. Then, the most critical mode is identified for each system. IEEE standard test system has been considered and Load flows were computed by using Newton Raphson method with the help of MATLAB and a weak bus is identified.

Abstract: This paper is intended to provide a theoretical model of object detection and real time assistance via Global Positioning System (GPS).This paper aims at the development of an Electronic Travelling Aid (ETA) kit to help the blind people to find obstacle free path. This ETA is fixed to the stick of the blind people. When the object is detected near to the blinds’ stick it alerts them with the help of vibratory circuit. Ultrasonic sensors are used to evaluate distance of the objects around the blind person to guide the user towards the secure and available path. Output is in the form of vibrations which the blind person can easily recognize. The hardware of entire system   contains ARM7 (LPC2138), temperature sensor, ultrasonic sensors and mobile vibrator, Global positioning system (GPS) module and Global System for Mobile (GSM) module. It contains temperature compensation method to reduce the error in measurement of distance using ultrasonic sensors.

Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.

Abstract: This paper aims is to design a controller for controlling the speed of DC motor .The effects of the controller on motor speed is analyzed .Automatic tuning of the controller is also introduce for efficient control of the process .The tuning is implemented using Ziegler Nichols method and results are compared with Variation in speed without controller.

Abstract:  The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of modulation that is being used for many of the latest wireless, telecommunication and broadcasting standards. OFDM is considered to be complicated than other signals but also it possess high data rate transmissions with relatively wide bandwidths. The major disadvantage included in OFDM signal is Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in higher level and Sensitive to Carrier offset. Hence there were found to be many reduction techniques for PAPR have been proposed where in need to reduction in high PAPR and carrier sensitivity still more to make it efficient for future optical domain standards. This paper not only makes the OFDM system advantageous but also suitable for fast data transmission and reduces the complication at receiver side, because all the transmitting data are cleared out of signal noise, interferences, etc. The technique which is going to get implemented for PAPR reduction is Optimized Iterative Clipping and Filtering (OICF).The OFDM is  provided with the subcarrier of N=256 and the modulation of Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM). The OQAM-OFDM provides the higher spectral efficiency and also the inter-symbol interference is avoided since not using Cyclic Prefix (CP) in OQAM-OFDM signal. The main reason for reducing PAPR is that to avoid non- linearity at the receiving end in high speed wireless communication.

Abstract:  Renewable energy source (RES) is applicable in most cases. Among different RES like wind, solar, biomass, hydro, etc. Wind energy is the most available and utilizable one. Wind energy is used for electric power generation. With respect   to wind energy stabilization is one issue.
Integrating wind energy with power system requires the application of power   electronics devices and controllers. These devices help to improve the quality of power generated. Wind energy is one of the most available and utilizable forms of renewable energy. There has been an extensive growth in the utilization of wind energy in recent years. Among the different renewable energy sources, wind energy has emerged as the most possible source of electrical power. The grouping of wind energy into existing power system presents a practical challenges and that requires indication of voltage stability, regulation, power quality problems, etc. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to the distribution systems, mostly done by use of power electronic converters.

Abstract: Design verification is an essential step in the development of any product. It ensures that the product as designed is the same as the product as intended. Software simulation is the common approach for validating hardware design unfortunately, it will take hours together to execute. Difficulties in validation arise due to the complexity of the design and also due to the lack of on chip observability. One common solution to this problem is to instrument the prototype using trace-buffers to record a subset of internal signals into on-chip memory for subsequent analysis. In the proposed system, an example circuit is implemented to perform the tracing operation and  various trace buffers are designed to record the different stages of internal signal states. The resulting signal states are to be stored, like a error outputs. Low power methodologies are also implemented to achieve low power consumption. Thus the errors are separately stored in the memory for analyzing the signals. This might be used for changes in the logic wherever needed. Thus this tracing is performed to monitor signal states of an FPGA.

Abstract: In existing method CMOS logic involved in carry select adder (CSLA), the data dependencies and redundant logic operations are analyzed and then reduced. The carry select (CS) operation is arranged before the calculation of-final-sum, which varies from the earlier methods. But the method is not much more efficient due to power consumption is high. This paper shows the comparison of CMOS logic design and modified Gate Diffusion Input logic (Mod-GDI) and proved Mod-GDI logic is more power-efficient than Gate Diffusion Input logic (GDI), Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) and CMOS logic design in CSLA. Basic GDI logic suffers from some limitations like swing degradation, fabrication difficulty in standard CMOS process and bulk connections. These limitations can be overcome by Mod- GDI. In the proposed scheme, Mod-GDI is better than GDI and CMOS in the maximum cases with respect to area, speed, and power dissipation, and power-delay products. From the simulation results, 45% reduction in power-delay product in Mod-GDI logic in CSLA is obtained. Mod-GDI technique performs varies logic functions by using two transistors. Mod-GDI logic is suitable for designing high speed and less power consumption with reduced number of transistors. Finally, we compare the power consumption and time delay of the existing method with our proposed scheme to show our achievement on accuracy.

Abstract: Electricity consumption had been increased so rapidly once in line with the development of the country to achieve its status as the industrial countries. The large consumption of electrical energy, one thing that plays an important role in a distribution system is the quality of electrical power itself. The distribution system will have many problems related to efficiency and functionality of electrical equipment. Therefore, the entire system does not operate efficiently due to the presence of harmonic in the distribution system. Among of them, one of the disorders that cause poor power quality is harmonic. This disturbance causes electrical equipment used to heat and cannot function properly. Thereby, the aim of this paper is to design and develop of a three phase shunt active power filter for harmonics reduction in industrial using MATLAB/SIMULINK[1,2].

Abstract: The Major contributor to power dissipation using signal switching of high frequency and strong pipeline designs. Total power consumption using clock tree accounts and 20-40% of power is consumed in synchronous circuits. Therefore, by decreasing the clock-tree power, the chip power reduces. In this proposed system a circuit is implemented which is a frequency synthesizer for generating the clock tree. Then the gated latch technique is applied to this circuit for reducing the power consumption. The resulting output is the generation of the clock tree. The clock power can be controlled through gating. Primary goal is to reduce the power in the clock tree. Thus the clock tree synthesis is performed and gated latch technique is applied to the out coming clock signal from the clock tree. The gated latch is the concept of gating the control signal. The gated signal output plays the role of the enable in the latches. Thus whenever we need we can switch off the clock signal and we can use the clock signal for clock tree synthesis. These are all controlled by the control signal. The power consumed is 0.052. 

Abstract: Energy efficiency in all the aspects of human life has become a major concern, due to significant environment impact as well as it economic importance. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) estimated 2-10% of the global consumption but is also expected to enable global energy efficiency through new technologies tightly dependent on networks. Specially, a network model based on G-network quening theory is built, which can incorporate all the important parameters of power consumption together with traditional performance metric and routing control capability. Our goal is to control both power configuration of pipeline and way to distribute traffic flow among them. Optimization policy having best tradeoff between power consumption and packet latency times. The achieved results demonstrate how the proposed model can effectively represent energy and network-aware performance indexes.

Abstract: We need energy for every day today work of our life. There are many conventional methods of energy generation but these are depleting very fastly hence non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. So an alternate method of non conventional energy generation is proposed in this project. In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on foot step.Here Dynamometer is used for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The voltage generated by this sensor is stored in battery which will be later on transmitted wirelessly to charge the mobiles.

Abstract:  The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a process which tracks maximum power point from array input, varying the ratio between the voltage and current delivered to get the most power it can. This paper proposes Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic system using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm. For efficient utilization of solar energy, the PV panel should track the maximum power point (MPP) under various weather conditions. Boost converter increases output voltage of the solar panel and converter output voltage depends upon the duty cycle of the MOSFET present in the boost converter. The change in the duty cycle is done by Fuzzy logic controller by sensing the power output of the solar panel. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) provides an adaptive nature, fast response, good performance and ability to handle non-linear characteristics. The proposed controller is aimed at adjusting the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter switch to track the maximum power of a solar cell array. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to develop and design the PV array system equipped with the proposed MPPT controller using fuzzy logic.

Abstract: An edge in an image is a contour across which the brightness of the image changes abruptly. In image processing, an edge is often interpreted as one class of singularities. Edge detection is an important task in image processing. It is a main tool in pattern recognition, image segmentation, and scene analysis. An edge detector is basically a high pass filter that can be applied to extract the edge points in an image. This topic has attracted many researchers and many achievements have been made. Many researchers provided different approaches based on mathematical calculations which some of them are either robust or cost effective.  A new algorithm will be proposed to detect the edges of image with increased robustness and throughput. Using this algorithm we will reduce the time complexity problem which is faced by previous algorithm. We will also propose hardware unit for proposed algorithm which will reduce the area, power and speed problem. We will compare our proposed algorithm with previous approach. For image quality measurement we will use some scientific parameters those are PSNR, SSIM, FSIM. Implementation of proposed algorithm will be done by Matlab and hardware implementation will be done by using of Verilog on Xilinx 14.1 simulator. Verification will be done on Model sim.

Abstract: Traditionally electrical appliances in a home are controlled via switches that regulate the electricity to these devices. As the world gets more and more technologically advanced, we find new technology coming in deeper and deeper into our personal lives even at home. Home automation is becoming more and more popular around the world and is becoming a common practice. The process of home automation works by making everything in the house automatically controlled using technology to control and do the jobs that we would normally do manually. Home automation takes care of a lot of different activities in the house. this project we propose a unique System for Home automation utilizing Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) that is paired with a wireless module to provide seamless wireless control over many devices in a house.  This user console has many keys, each corresponding to the device that needs to be activated. The encoder encodes the user choice and sends via a FM transmitter. The FM receiver receives the modulated signal and demodulates it and the user choice is determined by the DTMF decoder. Based upon this the required appliance is triggered. Dtmf access the control unit, the user should send an authentication code (DTMF) along with their quire/desired function/action to his/her home control system via Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). Upon being properly authenticated, the cell phone-based interface at home (control unit) would relay the commands to a microcontroller that would perform the required function/action, and return a function completion code that would be sent to the source of the original command (user’s cell phone).

Abstract: This project mainly concentrates on a simulation of locomotive control of traction motors with a new bidirectional DC-DC-AC converter using Renewable Energy Sources. The existing system is developed with four quadrant operation of dc series motor or induction motor fed voltage and frequency control using power electronic controllers. But in this system the efficiency is low and speed control is not synchronized with other motors. Therefore there is jerking of compartments, uniform braking is not possible in the traction system. The DC motors have been utilized for traction for over one hundred years and were originally chosen because of their inherent compatibility with traction power supplies and ease of mounting within locomotive bogies. The proposed system is designed with fuel cell based bidirectional DC-DC-AC dual inverter for traction motor to optimize third harmonic distortion, switching pattern losses, voltage fluctuations, reducing of switches, cost and also increasing efficiency and feasible operation of traction motors. The Fuel cell based system is powered to the traction motor to run forward, reverse and regenerative braking operation with the help of bidirectional control. So that the kinematic operation of traction motor is control the voltage, speed, torque levels using the ZVS DC-DC-AC converters. The proposed multilevel inverter minimizes the THD with the implementation of Z-source inverter. It is useful in boosting the voltage and additionally reducing the voltage fluctuations in the nine switch Z-source inverter. In a fuel cell powered to traction system the bidirectional dc-dc converter and inverter are essential for efficient performance of the traction motor. The simulation of dual converters is developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK and rotor current, stator current, stator voltage, rotor speed, electromagnetic torque and rotor angle is obtained for the traction motor. The multilevel inverters are developed to reduce the total third harmonic distortions (THD) in the converters. The multilevel converters are used to reduce the switching pattern losses. The performance of the traction system is compatible and running of motors is continuous without any disturbances. The most advantageous of the system is the multistep boost ZVS converter is implemented to maintain the constant power output.

Abstract: Recently due to decrease in the size of communication devices there is a need for more compact antenna. Microstrip antenna is popularly known as patch antenna, which fulfils this need. It consists of metal patch on one side of the dielectric substrate and ground plane on the other side. The metal patch is generally etched on the substrate and takes a variety of continuous shapes such as rectangle, circular, elliptical, square etc.

Abstract: A wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for transmission of data can be termed as Li-Fi also known as Visible Light Communication. The main purpose of this paper is particularly to show the advantages of Li-Fi technology in audio transmission and device switching using an embedded web server with light as the medium of transmission. Here the LED is used as the source of light for transmitting the necessary information to the receiver. This technology enables in sending more data to the receiving end very quickly. Li-Fi makes use of transmitter fitted with LED lamps that can illuminate a room as well as transmit information. As this technology uses LEDs, there is no need of separate infrastructure to be deployed exclusively for this purpose. Thus existing LED lights in conjunction with a transmitter circuit can be used for data transmission which can be received by the receiver equipped with appropriate circuitry thereby reducing the use of Radio Frequency for wireless transmission of data.

Abstract:  This paper is focused on the description of the possible benefits for the electric utilities and residential customers from the Automatic meter reading system usage. Major benefits of the AMR, mentioned in this paper are power quality monitoring, distribution network management, theft detection and so on. The paper also gives the idea about the reliability indices, communication topologies, AT&C losses concept in distribution system, present and last situations of the AMR integration in power utilities.

Abstract: In highly populated Countries like India, during accidents, people lose their lives due to unavailability of proper medical facilities at the right time. This project senses any accident in the vehicle and intimates pre-programmed numbers like the owner of the vehicle, ambulance, police etc. Whenever any accident takes place, the vehicle will experience a huge amount of impulse, this impulse is then been measured with the help of the force sensor which is connected to the vehicle. The impulse that is measured is then converted to electrical voltage unit which helps the microcontroller as it is interfaced with GSM. This change in digital signal will activate the GSM module installed in the vehicle and it will automatically send the saved SMS to the required numbers so that the proper medical aid can be provided to the person.

Abstract: The flexible Ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers can play an important role in the power system security enhancement.  However, due to high capital investment, it is necessary to locate these controllers optimally in the power system. FACTS devices can regulate the active and reactive power control as well as adaptive to voltage-magnitude control simultaneously because of their flexibility and fast control characteristics. Placement of these devices in suitable location can lead to control in line flow and maintain bus voltages in desired level and so improve voltage stability margins. In the previous paper three type of FACTS devices used in transmission lines for improvement of voltage profile in the power system. This paper describes the simulation result   of flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices used in the disturbed power systems. Out of three types of FACTS device UPFC performances is considered to be best comparatively with respect to each of the three devices.
Keywords: Voltage Stability, FACTS Devices, UPFC.
Title: A Literature Review on Experimental Study of Power Losses in Transmission Line Using UPFC Device
Author: Akanksha Shrivas, Dr. A.K.Sharma, Mr. Ashish Choubey
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications

Abstract: The project report presents a design studies and performance analysis of a lightweight, low volume, low profile Inset Feed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using CST microwave studio 2012. The aim of the thesis is to Design an inset fed rectangular Microstrip Antenna for mobile phone operating at 1.8GHz and to do the performance analysis. I also did comparison with different substrate using FR-4 and Roger RT5880 substrate. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. As we know the conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used configuration. But the other configurations are complex to analyze and due to difficult numerical computations. The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In perspective of designing, the selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line depth, for impedance matching, which are done by mathematical calculations. Patch antenna design simulation is done by using simulation software CST microwave studio 2012 and the its performance has been analyzed by analyzing the VSWR curve, The S parameters, the Smith Chart for both impedance and admittance, the directivity curve, far-field radiation pattern, both the radiation efficiency and total efficiency of the patch antenna at the resonating frequency and also the real and imaginary part of impedance.

Abstract: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a critical eye disease which can be regarded as manifestation of diabetes on the retina the symptoms can blur or distort the patient’s vision and are a main cause of blindness. Exudates are one of the signs of Diabetic Retinopathy. If the disease is detected early and treated promptly many of the visual loss can be prevented. This paper explains the development of an automatic fundus image processing and analytic system to facilitate diagnosis of the ophthalmologists. The algorithms to detect the optic disc; blood vessels and exudates are investigated. The proposed system extracts macula from digital retinal image using the optic disc location. Many common features such as intensity, geometric and correlations are used to distinguish between them. The system uses GLCM for feature extraction. The system uses a SVM based classifier to differentiate the retinal images in different stages of maculopathy by using the macula co-ordinates and exudates feature set.
Keywords: Fundus image, exudates, macula, diabe-tic retinopathy.
Title: Detection and Grading of Diabetic Maculo- pathy Automatically in Digital Retinal Images
Author: Shruti Bhude, Komal Gade, Pragati Kamthe, Prof. Dr. S.R. Patil
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications

Abstract: In this paper, fault detection and classification for Series Compensated Line (SCL) using phasor measurement unit is presented. The algorithm presented in this paper uses the PMU synchronized measurements and not depends on the data to be provided by the electricity utility. The compensated line parameters and Thevenin’s equivalent (TE) of the system at SCL terminals are calculated online, using three independent sets of pre-fault phasor measurements. The accuracy of fault location is performed with respect to fault location/position, types of fault, fault angle. The accuracy of the algorithm is simulated  in MATLAB for  9-bus transmission system.

Abstract: Proposal for a field effect transistor had been presented, with numerical device simulations to verify the title in every manner possible. The two transitional field effect transistors like pMOS and nMOS functions are simultaneously performed, working as one or as the other according to the voltage applied to the gate terminal. Increase in the circuit speed is observed when this technology is implemented on the device suggested with respect to the standard CMOS technology, presented a  drastic reduction of number devices and associated parasitic capacitances. In addition to it IC obtained with the proposed device are fully compatible with the standard CMOS technology and the fabrication processes. Fabrication of Static Ram cells with three transistors only with minimum dimensions and a single bit line by saving silicon area and increasing the memory performance with respect to standard CMOS technologies. It is also presented that the fully compatible CMOS process can be used to successfully manufacture the new FET structure. 

Abstract: Today, OFDM has grown to be the most popular communication system in high-speed communications. OFDM is becoming the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. OFDM can provide large data rates with sufficient robustness to radio channel impairments. Different type of transform techniques such as Discrete Hartley transform (DHT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are used to perform the modulation and demodulation operations for the OFDM system. In this paper these three transforms are used in OFDM and study the comparison between these different transforms techniques used in OFDM system based on Bit Error Rate (BER) performances.

Abstract: An electric power distribution system is the final stage in the delivery of electric power; it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Fault classification and location is very important in power system engineering in order to clear fault quickly and restore power supply as soon as possible with minimum interruption. Hence, ensuring its efficient and reliable operation is an extremely important and challenging task. With availability of inadequate system information, locating faults in a distribution system pose a major challenge to the utility operators. In this paper, a faults detection, location and classification technique using discrete wavelet multi-resolution approach for radial distribution systems are proposed. In this distribution network, the current measurement at the substation have been utilized and is demonstrated on 9-bus distribution system. Also in this work distribution system model was developed and simulated using power system block set of MATLAB to obtain fault current waveforms. The waveforms were analyzed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) toolbox by selecting suitable wavelet family. It was estimated and achieved using Daubechies ‘db5’ discrete wavelet transform.

Abstract: With the increase in wireless communication, the necessary resources needed are getting scarcer. One of the resources is a spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is a natural resource that cannot be produced or destroyed. They should be used optimally. In older days, the spectrum is divided into portions and each portion is used by separate organizations. This is called static spectrum allocation. But, the organizations do not use the spectrum, fully both in case of time and in the case of bandwidth. The scarce resource spectrum is wasted. So, dynamic spectrum allocation is introduced. In this technique, the communication is done through the bandwidth which is free. So, wastage of bandwidth is reduced partially. In 2011, CWMN was introduced. In this type of network, there are two types of users. Primary licensed users, and secondary unlicensed users. 

Abstract: Presently the major energy requirements have fulfilling by conventional sources out of which coal based thermal power generation is having major contribution. But such facts like the rate at which conventional sources are being consumed and their impact on environments, it is necessary to adopt alternate energy technologies which are more consistent. Out of various renewable energy sources, wind generation is most cost effective in addition to its various advantages. Worldwide the share of wind generation connected to grid is increasing at faster rate and in near future will become one of the major sources of renewable energy. With rapid development of wind power technologies and significant growth of wind power capacity installed worldwide, various wind turbine concepts have been developed. The control capabilities of these wind power plants are continuously improving to satisfy grid code requirements, ensuring a safe operation under normal and fault conditions. Considering the challenges to be faced related to interfacing of large wind farms using Induction and Synchronous generators, it is necessary to study the different wind generator systems and their comparisons. This paper analyzes and compares various wind turbine generator connections, its control using various power electronic circuits and study of the power quality and reactive power issues considering voltage quality and stability. An overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons are presented.

Abstract: Monitoring agriculture pest insects is currently a key issue in crop protection. Detection of pests in the farms is a major challenge in the field of agriculture; therefore effective measures should be developed to fight the infestation while minimizing the use of pesticides. The techniques of image analysis are extensively applied to agricultural science, and it provides   maximum protection to crops, which can ultimately lead to better crop management and production. At farm level it is generally operated by repeated surveys by a human operator of adhesive traps, through the field. This is a labor- and time-consuming activity, and it would be of great advantage for farmers to have an automatic system doing this task. This project is a system based on identification of insects and to determine the quantity of pesticides to be provided according to the growth of the pest insect. The system will determine the quantity of pesticides according to the lifespan of the insect of common pests and will suggest methods of controlling. The proposed  system classify the pest insects according to their categories using SVM classifier. This system is thus beneficial to farmers for providing pesticides in correct proportion.

Abstract: The aim of the project is to use Bluetooth communication for controlling the home appliances and monitoring the main door of home using smartphone. Now-a-days it is a kind of requirement to have a modern technology for security of our homes and also be able to monitor the various activities around without interrupting the current work one is doing. Fine grained access rights are built into the system which also leverages external social networking sites for making access control and invitation interface easier for the end users. So the following system is designed using which a person will be able to control (switch on/off) any of the appliances connected in home. The proposed system consists of a control console interfaced with different sensors using bluetooth. Suspected activities are conveyed to remote user through SMS (Short Message Service) or Call using GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology. Upon reply, the remote user can control his premises again through GSM-Bluetooth combination.

Abstract: FDMA, TDMA and CDMA are the well-known multiplexing techniques used in wireless communication systems. While working with the wireless systems using these techniques various problems are encountered especially when a typical transmitted signal arrives at the receiver using various paths of different lengths. Since multiple versions of the signal interfere with each other, it becomes difficult to extract the original information. The use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique provides better solution for the above mentioned problem. OFDM technique distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the "orthogonality", which prevents the demodulator from seeing frequencies other than their own. The benefits of OFDM are high spectral efficiency, resiliency of RF interference, and lower multi-path distortion. OFDM is a powerful modulation technique that is capable of high data rate and is able to eliminate ISI. Using MATLAB, simulation of OFDM was done with different modulation techniques using different transform techniques. The digital modulation schemes such as BPSK and QPSK were selected to assess the performance of the designed OFDM system.

Abstract: Today’s electronics world competing with low power and less area of digital combinatorial circuits. A reverse logic gates are designed to reduce transistor count, area and power dissipation of digital comparator circuit .The GDI module based design of 1-bit reverse comparator is proposed using reversible L and M gates and simulation done on TANNER EDA tool. L and   M reverse logic gates downscaled using constant electrical field scaling to design proposed 1-bit reverse comparator circuit using 180nm technology. At 5V supply voltage power dissipation analyzed   0.162mW that is 10% improvement as compared to CMOS circuit design.

Abstract: For many deaf people, sign language is the principle means of communication. This increases the isolation of hearing impaired people. This paper presents a system prototype that is able to automatically recognize speech which helps to communicate more effectively with the hearing or speech impaired people.  This  system  recognizes  speech  signal . Recognized spoken words are represented  using American standard sign language via a robotic arm and also on the computer using visual basic .In this project a software package is provided to convert the speech signal, (which does not have any meaning for the deaf and the dumb) into the sign language. The main purpose of this project is to bridge the communication and expression gap between the normal people who cannot understand the sign language, and the deaf and dumb who cannot understand the normal speech.