Indexing

Abstract: This descriptive study aimed at studying whether the effects of diabetes mellitus can predict its management in Kakamega County and Kenya. 327 respondents took part in the survey, with 135 (41.3%) being females and 192 (58.7%) being males. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education, 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained post-secondary education. 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents did know the side effects of diabetes mellitus 204 (67.1%). Those who said loose of body weight 91 (29.9%) as side effects of diabetes were many as compared to those who identified non-healing wounds 9 (3%).  Most of the respondents indicated that they did exercise as part of utilization of glucose in the blood stream. Although bicycling was done as an exercise but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). A balanced diet results in control of blood pressure and dyslipidemia which was a good riddance in the study area. Both the national government and the county government of Kenya and Kakamega respectively should strengthen health systems through innovative health care and promotion on effects of diabetes mellitus so that the burden of diabetes mellitus is reduced on both the health care services and the community in Kakamega and Kenya.

Abstract: This cross-sectional study sought to establish factors influencing occurrence of diabetes mellitus in Shieywe location Kakamega County.
Methods: Data was collected through face-to-face interview with selected respondents by a structured questionnaire. Results: 327 respondents took part in the survey, of which 135 (41.3%) were females and 192 (58.7%) were males. Only 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained tertiary education (post-secondary education). 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education. Although bicycling exercise is attributed to be a means of preventing diabetes mellitus but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). The non-diabetics seeking diabetes medical assistance who covered less than a kilometer to reach a health facility were 73 (24%), as those who covered between 2-5 kilometers being 161 (53%) and those who covered more than 6 kilometers were 70 (23%) to attend scheduled clinics and medical attention. Conclusion: most of diabetics covered more than 6 Kms and 2-5kms to reach a health facility. The Ministry of Health should provide comprehensive services for diabetes mellitus management at level two health facilities to make diabetes mellitus services accessible and affordable.

Abstract: Coleopteran insects constitute the major insects causing havoc damage to the stored food grains both for human consumption and sowing. Lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) is considered as a minor pest causing damage to different stored grains especially in poorly maintained grain processing warehouses. Additionally it is an important pest of poultry houses where it lives in poultry droppings and litter. Its larvae and adults are also suspected to be health risk to humans as they are the vector of pathogens of many viruses, bacteria and protozoa causing serious diseases in birds.  Synthetic insecticides are widely used for the control of stored grain coleopteran pests but development of pesticide resistance, accumulation of toxic residues in food and consequent health hazards creating more and more problems than resolving them due to indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum insecticides has been creating serious health hazards. These problems have led the scientists to introduce new insecticides that are equally lethal to the insects but very less harmful to the consumers. With a view to this objective the insecticidal efficacy of neem, eucalyptus oil, sesame oil and mustard oil have been tested to report their various physiological effects on A. diaperinus during post embryonic developmental stages. Adults are broadly-oval, moderately convex, black - 5.8 to 6.3 mm long in length. Eggs are about 1.5 mm in length, creamy white with slightly rounded ends. Their incubation period is 6-7 days. Larvae show 6 instars attaining 7 - 11 mm long at last instar. Pupae are creamy white to tan coloured, 6-8 mm long, with 6 days duration; the pharate adults appear brown that gradually become black. The larvae show decline in survivality; the size and weight gradually increase in successive instars. Treatment with different neem, eucalyptus oil, sesame oil and mustard oil depicted substantial decline in survival rate and sizes of larval instars starting from 4th instars.  Increased duration of respective instars actually starts from third instars and increased duration of respective instars is maximum following nimbecidine treatment and minimum in mustard oil treatment.

Abstract: A new series of substituted thiazolidin-4-ones were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity by means of MTT assay method for improved anticancer activity .The structures of these synthesized compounds were established by means of IR,H NMR analysis.All the compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity .Compounds TH10 & TH19 were found most active due to presence of electron withdrawing groups at appropriate position.

Abstract: A total of nine cucumbers, each of Garden egg and pawpaw samples were collected from Wurukum, High level and Wadata markets and cultured on appriopate agar, for colony count and isolation of bacteria according to their cultural and biochemical characteristics. The results revealed that garden egg from High Level Market had the highest bacterial count (1.9x105cfu/g) and the least was pawpaw from High Level Market (1.1 x 105 cfu/g). However, it was not statistically significant. The bacteria isolated were; Propianol bacteria (23.3%), Escherichia coli (16.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (36.7%), Bacillus spp (10.0%) and Corynebacteria (13.3%). The fungal isolates were Aspergillus flavus (10%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20%), Aspergillus nidulus (10%), Aspergillus terreus (20%) and mucor (40%). The result of this study shows fruits sold in Wurukum, High Level Market and Wadata Market are contaminated and may cause harm to consumers, so measures such as proper handling should be taken to control the contamination of these fruits.

Abstract: Aqueous decoction of leaves of Rothmannia longiflora is consumed by many people in the management of pain and inflammation in Nigeria and other African countries without considering its safety. The effects of the extract on functions of the kidney and the liver were investigated in 40 wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats per group. The first group was the control and the other 3 groups were the study groups. The oral lethal dose of the extract was determined and was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg indicating its safety. Different doses of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg were administered daily to the study groups for the periods of 30 days (sub-chronic toxicity studies) and 90 days (chronic toxicity study). Kidney and Liver function tests were assessed using standard techniques. There was no statistically significant change in the hepatic profile with the extract treated groups and control. Similarly, the extract produced no significant change in the kidney function parameters. This result showed that extract did not produce a change in the kidney function following sub-chronic and chronic administration. However, the extract produced significant change in the liver function parameters at high dose after 90 days administration.      

Abstract: Background: it is indicated that Biological Therapies has great effect in dealing with Psoriasis. Differences in response rates of biologics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have been reported in many published articles.
Objective: this paper aims to declare the effectiveness of biological therapies for psoriasis.
Methods: using the search engine PubMed to prepare comprehensive literature about the specified topic.
Main results: it is indicated that psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease condition that involves altered expression of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines which are associated with activation of T cells and proliferation of keratinocytes.
Conclusion: The introduction of targeted biologic therapies has greatly improved the treatment options for psoriasis although the pathogenesis of the autoimmune skin disease has not been fully elucidated. The potential for psoriasis disease is implicit because altered expressions of cutaneous and systemic cytokines are well demonstrated in psoriasis patients.