Indexing

Abstract:Ahead of the 2019 general elections, two former heads of state have once again set the Nigerian polity agog with their open unexpectedly critical letters to President Muhammadu Buhari highlighting his government’s shortcomings. They called for a third force to replace the two apparently effete dominant political parties in the country -- the Peoples’ Democratic Party (PDP) and All Progressive Congress (APC). Focusing on the widespread disenchantment with the Buhari administration, this essay examines the contents of the letters, the writers’ motives, and the implications of such open confrontation for the political realignment among electoral gladiators preparatory to the 2019 elections.
Keywords:Politics, Re-Election, Letter-Writing, Ruling Class.
Title:Political Season of Letter-Writing, Nigerians’ Disenchantment and President Buhari’s Re-Election Agenda
Author:Mike Omilusi

Abstract:Since the potential value and role of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) was first mooted in the 1980s, there has been a tremendous escalation in research, practice, and policy interest across numerous disciplines including conservation, livelihood studies, economics, forestry, and anthropology Millions of rural and urban dwellers across the world make use of a wide diversity of forest products to fulfill several livelihood requirements, from direct household provisioning to cash income through selling no timber forest products, cultural and spiritual needs, food like fruits, leaves, roots, medicine, and construction material and as a fall back in times of emergency or a means to income diversification. All these roles are significant, and often NTFPs perform multiple functions simultaneously. Valuing NTFPs therefore requires a holistic perspective that considers these products in relation to multiple livelihood strategies, and within particular contextual settings. The context within which people operate has major implications for the seeming significance and value of NTFPs.

Abstract:The main purpose of this research project was to determine the influence of interest rates on profitability of microfinance institutions in Trans Nzoia County. The specific objective of the study was to determine the influence of money lending on the profitability of microfinances in Trans Nzoia County. Keynes liquidity preference theory, fisher’s theory and the theory of pricing were studied in relation to the effect of interest rates on profitability of microfinances. The research design was descriptive survey. The research population was five Microfinance institutions registered by Central Bank of Kenya in Trans Nzoia County, 100 respondents from each microfinance for five years, 2013 to 2017 were provided with the questionnaires as a source of Primary data. By the use of vector auto regression (VAR) model, 15 questionnaires were taken to the supervisors for validity and reliability of the instrument. Secondary data was collected from central bank’s supervisory report and Microfinance internal audited Reports. The data collected was scrutinized using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Scientists). Regression analysis and Pearson correlation was used to verify the data to find out whether there existed a relationship between interest rate and the profitability of Microfinances in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. Being a descriptive research, the data was audited and tabulated using descriptive methods which illustrated the research findings in the study area. The descriptive methods were; frequencies, percentages and tables. The study found out that interest rates has a significant influence on profitability of microfinances in Trans Nzoia County. The study therefore recommended the following; microfinance should have a better assets portfolio, check and controlled systems to monitor  credit defaults, microfinance should  carefully screen all the clients  and charge interest rates consequently, microfinances should have a daily  and  effective interest rate system generated,  Trans Nzoia County government to establish a credit regulation policy, regular check of registered microfinances to control manipulation of  interest rates ,monthly financial seminars should be established, due to the increase  number of microfinances and competition, mergers and partnership of microfinance is advised, seasonal interest rates should be revised to control exploitation of clients, the research should be done in different county to enable generalization and comparison of  the findings.
Keywords:  Interest rates, Money lending.
Title:INFLUENCE OF INTEREST RATES ON PROFITABILITY OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY IN TRANS NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA
Author:Emmanuel Sakit Barasa, Dr. Elizabeth Nambuswa Makokha
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications

Abstract:Nowadays, procurement teams are facing increasing number of complex challenges in planning, monitoring and controlling of their activities in many organizations especially in private Universities in Kenya. In this study the researcher sought to examine the role of procurement practices on performance in private university in Kenya. With specific objectives which were to assess the role of procurement planning, procurement monitoring and controls, training of staff in procurement practices and finally contract management on the performance in private university in Kenya. The population for this study consisted of the employees of Marist International University in Kenya. The total target population was 78. A total of 78 respondents was used as the sample size for the study. To sample the population, the population was dived into three strata, namely; management staff, teaching staff and non-teaching staff. From each stratum the study used the census method to reach to the entire population of the study. The researcher administered the questionnaire to each respondent, and the return of questionnaire was 100%. The data was collected then simultaneously analyzed by both descriptive and inferential a statistical tool that is SPSS Version 2.1. Being that the current study was dealing with the relationship study between the role and performance, the study automatically was therefore qualified to use regression and correlation model as a tool of analysis and the results was generated and presented in form of tables. From the research findings, it was found that top management were involved in the procurement planning and continuously check the purchase processes and that procurement bids are evaluated by an independent committee. The study also found that procurement is monitored to a moderate extent through close supervision of purchases being done as a way of controlling costs and corrective actions being taken once discrepancy is identified in the procurement processes. The university was further found to train their staff on procurement practices with the aim of improving performance to a moderate extent. In addition, training in practices of procurement had improved staff knowledge and skills. However, the challenges in the adoption and implementation of practices at the university were found to be: delays in procurement of urgently required goods/services due to restrictions by public procurement and disposal regulations, existence of inadequate planning by user departments, complex regulations being affected by the public procurement act, procurement costs being high, and department facing problem of interference by university management in the procurement processes. The study concludes that Marist International University has adopted the procurement practices to a moderate extent and that there is a relationship between the practices of procurement and organizational performance. However, only procurement planning and training of staff influences the performance of the university. The study recommends that the key procurement actors in the university should come up with viable ways of managing procurement process. To ensure better performance, organizations should not only focus on planning and training but also on the procurement inventory, control and monitoring. Critical revitalization of procurement process is a requirement as it can assist in ensuring that organizations embrace modern technological ways and trends in handling and addressing procurement issues.       
Keywords:Procurement, Procurement practices, Procurement Planning and Contract Management Process.
Title:INFLUENCE OF PROCUREMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA: A CASE OF MARIST INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Author:BIBIANA SHISANYA, DR. JANE OMWENGA

Abstract:In the recent past, there has been a significant effort in the public sector to improve public procurement strategies and procedures. These efforts have mainly focused in realizing improved efficiency and cost-savings through the public sector purchasing system, by developing a number of instruments and tools which assist public sector bodies in their procurement activities. Among these instruments, electronic procurement has come out as a popular system that has been adopted by organizations to achieve these objectives. With the emergence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), organizations have been forced to shift their operation from the traditional style to e-business, e-procurement and e-supply chain philosophy in order to sustain themselves. The study explored the determinants of implementation of electronic procurement Sacco’s. The specific objectives of this project was to evaluate the influence of procurement policies on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s, to find out the influence of training on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s, to determine the influence of management commitment on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s and to determine the influence of technical infrastructure on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s. The study targeted 145 respondents from Chai Sacco. The study adopted both primary and secondary data analysis research design. Primary data was collected using semi structured questionnaires containing both closed and open ended questions to allow variety. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition the study used multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. This study concluded that procurement policies significantly and positively influenced on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s. The study also concluded that training has a significant and a positive influence on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s. The study further concluded that management commitment had significant and a positive influence on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s. The study finally concluded that technological infrastructure had a significant and positive influence on the implementation of electronic procurement in Sacco’s. The study recommends that well and effective documented procurement policies and procedures on how employees in the organization is supposed to go on the implementation of electronic procurement should be put in place to realize good performance in the implementation of electronic procurement. The study recommends that organizations should be sensitized on the importance of training on the issues related to implementation of electronic procurement. Such programmes can be in the form of seminars, training, workshops and conferences. To ensure success in implementation of electronic procurement and great performance of the organization, the study recommends a conducive environment to be created by top management where all employees interact and share information freely on the issues related to electronic procurement. The study recommends that project managers need to be aware of their procurement technology preferences and provide the tools and equipment to the procurement team as they can be more motivated. Implementation of technological systems can either act as a medium for change or be the means of achieving a desired change in implementation of electronic procurement
Keywords:procurement policies, training, management commitment and technical infrastructure.

Abstract:Sustainability is a major challenge in many water projects meant to serve communities, where efforts to realize clean water are undermined by high levels of non-functionality of water projects. Based on the community management model, most if not all water projects are managed by users’ committees put in place to oversee the operation and maintenance as well as management of the projects to ensure their sustainability over time. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effect of water projects committees’ functionality on sustainability of water projects in Mutha ward of Kitui County. The study specific objectives were to; determine the attributes that comprise the functioning management arrangement of water projects committees, financial management skills, communication skills and capacity to maintain water projects for sustainability in Mutha ward, Kitui County. This study was based on community participation theory. A descriptive survey was applied in the study of effects of water projects users’ committees on the sustainability of the projects (a case study of Mutha ward, Kitui south). The targeted population was the Government technical staff in the water sector, the community leaders and water projects committees. A sample population of 213 is arrived at by calculating the target population of 478 with a 95% confidence level and an error of 0.05 using the below formula taken from Kothari (2004).The study selected the respondents using stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Primary data was obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire is made up of both open ended and closed ended questions. The drop and pick method were preferred for questionnaire administration so as to give respondents enough time to give well thought out responses. Data from questionnaire was coded and logged in the computer using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V 25.0). This involved coding both open and closed ended items in order to run simple descriptive analyses to get reports on data status. Descriptive statistics involved the use of absolute and relative (percentages) frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean and standard deviation respectively). Frequency tables were used to present the data for easy comparison. The qualitative analysis helped the researcher in giving recommendation in line with the conclusions drawn for the whole population under study (Mugenda & Mugenda, 2003). Quantitative analysis provided findings that were presented using tables and graphs for further analysis and to facilitate comparison. This generated quantitative reports through tabulations, percentages, and measure of central tendency. Correlation analysis was done to establish the strength of relationship between the four independent variables and the regressions was used because the procedure uses two or more independent variables to predict a dependent variable.The findings were presented using tables and graphs. The study found that attributes that comprise the functioning management arrangement, financial management skills and communication skills of water projects committees as well as capacity to maintain water projects affects the sustainability of water projects significantly. The study concluded that capacity to maintain had the greatest effect on the water project sustainability, followed by communication skills then functioning management arrangement while financial management skills had the least effect to the water project sustainability. The study recommends that skills of water committees should be continuously increased including setting minimum education and skills levels for effective participation in water committees, that proper communication should be ensured between water users and their leaders so as to clarify or rectify any problem happening at early times and that the water management committees with untrained community members should not be entrusted to manage these facilities as this can lead to mismanagement and unwarranted system breakdowns.
Keywords:financial management skills, communication skills and projects committees’ capacity.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to establish the determinants of public participation on sustainability of Abstract: The aim of this study is to establish the determinants of public participation on sustainability of county government projects in Uasin Gishu County Government. Public participation aims at bridging of the gap between the government, civil society, private sector and the general public, building a common understanding about the local situation, priorities and programs. The study was guided by the following research objective: - to examine the effect of shared ownership on sustainability of county government projects in Uasin Gishu County Government.The research design that was used is a descriptive as it is concerned with describing the characteristics of county governments with regards to public participation and sustainability of projects in county Uasin Gishu County. The study was carried out in Uasin Gishu County government headquarters which is located in Eldoret town, Kenya. The target population to be studied shall include the thirty eight managers of ongoing projects and sixty two community leaders in areas that projects are being undertaken within Uasin Gishu County government because they are the beneficiaries of the services provided by the county government.The whole population formed the sample size hence the sample size was 100 respondents. A census study was undertaken. The researcher used structured questionnaires; the questionnaires contained closed ended questions. The choice of structured questionnaire was picked due to its ease of administration, analysis and time saving. The data collected was processed, analysed and presented with the use of charts, graphs, percentages, ratios and the relationship between the variables was established and tested using multiple regression. From the analysis, there is a significant correlation between sustainability of county government projects and community involvement. This therefore implies that there is a significant relationship between sustainability of county government projects and community involvement. Based on the findings, the results revealed that public participation encourages openness, accountability and transparency, and is thus at the heart of inclusive decision-making and that there is an acceptance of project by public minimizing the challenges in project implementation and meeting the needs of the community. For the public to participate in a project, ownership of the project should at core and results of the project should always be clear always for sustainability of county projects in Uasin Gishu County and other counties.

Abstract:Integrating ICT in education and the design of instructional materials have faced a great challenge given the emergence of several e-learning platforms used by the learners in several academic institutions of higher learning. Some scholars have pointed out that e-learning requires highly self-regulated, independent and dedicated student for high performance to be achieved. Moodle is an example of the open source e-learning software that is most widely used in the dissemination of learning processes. The purpose of this study is to analyze how introduction of Moodle as part of the teaching process is related with students’ performance based on the socio-demographic variables, amount of time taken online and offline, User Interface Design and prior computer knowledge and skills. “Descriptive survey design is to be used for this study as it provides qualitative and quantitative description of sample of population studied. The study aims at sampling 100 respondents from the various departments in SODEL and face-to-face class-room students for the period of 2018 to 2019.Primary data was obtained by developing and administering questionnaires to the respondents. The questionnaires were contain both open-ended and contingency questions. The data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The data collected through questionnaire was coded, summarized, and edited for possible errors. Descriptive statistics was used to compute the data collected from the field. Inferential statistics such as chi- square test will be used to test hypothesis at 0.5 level of significant. The data collected was processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.The result of the analyses was used to document the findings of the study.” The study shown a comparative performance analysising those students that are using and not using Moodle and the main problems that affect performance. The results was an important principal for the management of Universities when further investigating on how to improve students’ performance on different levels while employing modern ICT solutions in the teaching process.

Abstract:Traditionally businesses used paper based systems but now this is being surpassed by automated systems. Businesses processes are evolving with the acceptance of e-commerce concepts that applies ICT to expedite business processes. This has led to emergence of e-procurement as part of the innovations providing solutions through the internet platform and over time it has been widely accepted by diverse sectors globally. From the earlier years since the introduction of computers, the objective of procurement has not been achieved though. Several studies have been conducted out on e-procurement in their study of factors affecting performance of procurement in humanitarian relief organization’ information technology,  which have recognized there is a need to invest in information systems specifically e-procurement in their purchasing units to ensure that the purchasing processes are enhanced towards assisting service delivery in those organization. This study sought to understand why the degree of adopting e-procurement systems has stood considerably lesser than the opportunity offered by the market especially in humanitarian organizations. Previous studies have revealed that there has been insufficient proof on the recognition of e-procurement economic benefits. This study examined the factors influencing the implementation of e-procurement within the humanitarian organizations in Kenya. The study sought to examine the effect of organizational factors, environmental factors, technological factors and management support factors on the adoption of e-procurement. Random sampling was engaged as a survey approach ensuring representativeness. Data analysis through both quantitative and qualitative techniques were applied on data collected To facilitate examining of correlation/relationships among variables of interest regressive analysis was used as well as descriptive statistics. The major findings of the study indicated that management factors had the most influence on the e-procurement implementation, followed by environmental factors, technological factors then organizational factors respectively. The study showed that, budget allocation, staff training & development, vendors support and organization policy reinforcement in ICT application, are essential to effective e-procurement adoption and therefore should be given due consideration. The study findings will assist Humanitarian aid managers to understand and appreciate the importance of e-procurement in organization.
Keywords:organizational factors, environmental factors, technological factors, management support, e-procurement adoption.
Title:FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF E-PROCUREMENT IN HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA: A CASE OF NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL – KAKUMA REFUGEE CAMP

Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the factors affecting community participation in emergency humanitarian response projects in Glakcayo south central Somalia. The objectives  of the study will include; to determine how existing community structures influence community participation in emergency humanitarian response  projects, to identify how community awareness influences the level of community participation in emergency humanitarian projects in Galkacyo south, Mudug region, to establish the role of coordination in community Participation in emergency humanitarian projects in Galkacyo South, Mudug region ,and finally to identify cultural and political factors affecting community participation in emergency humanitarian projects   in Galkacyo South, Mudug region. In this study the needy variable is the outcome of the community participation while independent variables are community structures, community awareness, coordination and political and cultural factors that influence community participation. Literature relating to the factors affecting community participation and relevant theories was reviewed to understand existing body of knowledge on the subject and investigate the gaps or successes regarding community participation. The study is descriptive research design, it seeks to obtain information regarding the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables, it also describes the current status of the phenomena, and it describes “what exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation, the study will target six villages in Galkcayo south with total estimate population of 550HHs where five main organizations operate, the targeted sample size is 165 households in six villages obtained through Yamane formula. This study concluded that community structures significantly and positively influenced community participation in emergency humanitarian response project in Galkacyo south. The study also concluded that community awareness has a significant and a positive influence on community participation in emergency humanitarian response projects in Galkacyo south. The study concluded that Community coordination had significant and a positive influence on community participation in Galkacyo south. The study finally concluded that political Influence had finally a significant and negative influence on the community participation in emergency humanitarian response project in Galkacyo south. The study recommends that in order to emancipate different groups i.e. women, youth and ensure that they fully participate in emergency humanitarian response project, democratization processes should be reviewed, amended or revise existing constitutional, political, legislative and regulatory frameworks, including electoral systems, to amend provisions that hinder, the internally displaced people, women and youth groups equal participation in the decision-making processes. The study also recommends that the federal states should intensify civic education on the emergency humanitarian response project especially among the vulnerable groups like poorer section of the community and this will ensure that their priorities are addressed by the state. More awareness on the emergency humanitarian response project should be facilitated among the members of the community. The study further recommends that since the community coordination influences their level of community participation in emergency humanitarian response project, the States should consider ensuring that effective community coordination is in place to enhance emergency humanitarian response project. The study finally recommends that Project managers in charge of emergency humanitarian response project should ensure that their operations and daily routine are not interfered by politicians and other leaders.

Abstract:The procurement performance can hardly be ignored in any manufacturing organization. Strategic , Middle level and Tactical buying decisions all relate to the management of costs in one way or another and commitment to spend money to purchase inputs is done by the Procurement staff after getting the most competitive prices in the market .This includes the production costs of making the item itself and Trade costs for managing the transport logistics from the time the goods are ready at the factory of Origin until they reach the final customer. The aim of this study will be to find out the factors that influence Procurement performance in Mobile Telecommunications Original Equipment Manufacturers, a case study of Ericsson Kenya Limited. The specific objectives will be to determine the influence of Logistics capacity, Product Tariff Engineering, Inventory Management and Internal control. The study included theories, namely Iceberg Theory, Tariff Theory, Inventory Theory and Internal Control Theory .It included Research design, target population, sample size, data collection tools and method of analysis. The study adopted a descriptive survey research with a target population of 150 respondents from Ericsson Limited. Stratified random sampling technique was applied to draw samples from each grade stratum where a sample of 60 Respondents will be drawn. The questionnaires was used as the main instrument to collect the primary data. Regression Analysis was used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The quantitative and qualitative data was tabulated and presented by use of charts and graphs and recommendation will be done based on the findings. The study concluded that logistics capacity positively affects procurement performance. This implies that increasing levels of logistics capacity by a unit would increase the levels of procurement performance by a unit. Logistics capacity factors such as Logistics costs, logistics lead times, transparency in freight Quotes and Logistics Efficiency affect Procurement performance. The study also concluded that Product Tariff Engineering has a positive effect of the procurement performance. The study further concluded that that inventory management positively affect procurement performance. The study finally concluded that Internal Control positively affect procurement performance. This implies that increasing levels of Internal Control by a unit would increase the levels of procurement performance by one unit. According to the study findings, internal control factors such as internal processes, legal compliance, and Procurement Audit and Control effectiveness affect Procurement performance. The study recommends that management of the Ericsson Kenya Limited should put in place the internal structure and systems that allow free and timely flow of information between individuals and departments to enhance the logistic capacity. The study also recommends that the priority of the product design decision should be to ensure that products are designed in such a way that assembly is enhanced. In particular designing products to reduce complexity and increase agility through postponement strategies should be the goal wherever possible which in turn enhances the procurement performance. The study further recommends the inclusion of inventory management in the strategic plans of the Ericsson Kenya Limited. Inventory management as evidenced in this study, of being capable to reducing costs of manufacturing, making sure there is full utilization of resources usage, reduces wastage of materials, improves quality of production, limits idleness in manufacturing plants, and improves customer service thus impacting positively on the procurement performance of the firms.Finally,it was recommended that for the organization to perform well, their internal control systems need to be improved, cultivated and implemented diligently.
Keywords:Internal Control, Inventory Management, Logistics Capacity, Procurement Performance.
Title:FACTORS AFFECTING PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS: A CASE STUDY OF ERICSSON KENYA LIMITED

Abstract:Procurement is the most significant function but costly business function for an organization. This is because of the fact that organizations devote a big portion of the income and working budget on acquiring resources for the operation. The cost of procurement goes up to 70%. Procurement is the procedure of obtaining materials as well as engaging suppliers to deliver their services at a cost (Hornby, 2005). In General this research seeks to find out the role played by procurement strategies on the performance of organization of state agencies focusing on the Kenyan navy. Specifically the research aims at finding out the impact of: Centralized procurement restricted tendering, buyer-supplier relationship, E-procurement all on the performance of state agencies. A research design which was descriptive was used in the study. And a population of 500 from four departments which are largely involved with procurement namely, Technical, Logistics and stores, Seamanship and communication in Kenya Navy in Mombasa County was involved and a sample of 150 respondents were selected with the help of Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques. In the analysis of data, both qualitative and quantitative employed, where by Likert scale used to measure quantitative data as a way of making analysis easier. Descriptive statistic method was used to analyze collected data as it help in describing data and also give the scale of response to the respondent for each element. The SPSS version 23.0 software was used for data analysis. The result by Multiple linear regression shows that four independents are responsible for 60.5% change in organizational performance namely: centralized procurement strategy, restrictive procurement, close buyer supplier relationship and electronic procurement. The study found out that centralized procurement strategy, restrictive procurement, close buyer supplier relationship and electronic procurement have a positive and significant role on performance of organization.
Keywords:Procurement, procurement strategy, Procurement Planning and Supplier Relationship.

Abstract:Supply chain agility is a relatively new area in supply chain research in Kenya and it focuses on the firms’ ability to absorb disruptions especially in liquefied petroleum gas industry. The ever changing nature of the global supply chain presents many challenges for effective system coordination because currently, one member in a supply chain cannot compete as independent members, but rather as a group. Therefore, the general objective of this study was determine the influence of supply chain agility on competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms in Nairobi, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study was to establish the influence of alertness of supply chain on the competitiveness, to determine the influence of accessibility of information in the supply chain affect the competitiveness, to determine the influence of decisiveness of supply chain on the competitiveness and lastly to establish the influence of supply chain swift in action on the competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. The target population was 8604 respondents from 20 Major petroleum and gas firms in Kenya. The sample size for the study was 375 respondents from 20 Major petroleum and gas firms in Kenya. Descriptive survey design and correlational research design was used in this study. Primary and secondary data will be used. While self-administered questionnaire and interview guide was used to collect primary data, the study reviews the previous evaluation reports to sought the secondary data on performance. The data collected was then analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Being that the current study was dealing with the relationship study, the study therefore used regression model as a tool of analysis and the results will be generated and presented in form of tables. The results of this study aimed to benefit policy makers, managers, administrators, entrepreneurs, researchers, consultants, scholars and trainers involved in liquefied petroleum gas firms industry. The study concluded that alertness of supply chain influence significantly and positively influenced on the on the competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms in Kenya .The results suggest that the effectiveness in the alertness of supply chain led to better competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms. The study also concluded that information accessibility has a significant and a positive influence on the competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms in Kenya. The results suggest that effective in the information accessibility led to better competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms. The study further concluded that decisiveness of supply chain had significant and a positive influence on the competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms in Kenya. The results suggest that higher effectiveness in the decisiveness of supply chain led to better competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms. The study finally, concluded that supply chain swift in action had significant and a positive influence on the competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms. The study recommends that management of the competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms must ensures that their agile supply chains is alert to changes, within the supply chain itself and within the surrounding environment which in turn will enhance their competitiveness in the context of quality products and services. The study further recommends that once a change in the market is detected through the alertness capability, liquefied petroleum gas firms must also be able to access relevant data to decide how to provide an agile response which h in turn will enhance their competitiveness. The study also recommends that firms should customize products cost efficiently while avoiding product markdowns caused by excess inventory by ensuring that they is shortened replacement times of materials and services as well as improved set-uptimes and quick adjustment of production processes.Finally,the study recommends  that once a decision is made on how to respond to changes, entities must be able to quickly implement those decisions to enhance the competitiveness of liquefied petroleum gas firms.
Keywords:Accessibility of Information, Agility, Alertness, Competitiveness, Decisiveness and Supply Chain Agility.
Title:INFLUENCE OF SUPPLY CHAIN AGILITY ON COMPETITIVENESS OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS FIRMS IN NAIROBI, KENYA

Abstract:In today’s rapidly changing environment, strategic management practices on retention of Sacco’s members is becoming more difficult because changes are occurring so fast that plans even those set for just months into the future may soon be obsolete. Hence this study aimed at determining the influence of strategic management practices on retention of Sacco’s members in Kenya. With specific objectives focusing on to assess the influence of Product management practices on retention of Saccos members in Kenya. to assess the influence of Customer Care management practices on retention of  Saccos members in Kenya. And finally to assess the influence of Organization Leadership capacity on retention of Saccos members in Kenya. The relevant theories which supported this study are resource-based view theory, Institutional Perspective theory and lastly agency theory which will all show how the variables link up with the mentioned theories. The target population of interest in this consisted of 413 respondents from registered cosmopolitan SACCO members and management which included Top management staff; middle made management staff and junior staff with a sample size of 124.Stratified random sampling was used because of the sampling frame produced a relative smaller error of estimation of data. The research instruments that used both online questionnaires form and printed questionnaires. Data was collected through the questionnaire whereby the researcher physically traveled to the Each Cosmopolitan Sacco Branch to administer the questionnaires to the employees of Cosmopolitan Sacco Branch. Data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools and SPSS version which was used to process the collected data and then presenting in the form of tables. This study concluded that product management practices significantly and positively influenced retention of Sacco’s members in Kenya. The study further concluded that customer care management practices has a significant and a positive effect on the retention of Sacco’s members in Kenya. The study finally concluded that organization leadership capacity had significant and a positive effect on the retention of Sacco’s members in Kenya. This implies that the accomplishment of any Sacco is estimated by its productivity which relies upon the effectiveness of its administration. Administration can be characterized as an arrangement of exercises coordinated at the productive and compelling use of assets in quest for at least one targets. From the study, product management practices was found to have a huge impact on the Retention of Sacco’s members. Therefore the study recommends that SACCO's should differentiate their items portfolio to enhance the competitiveness of those products. The study further recommends that SACCO's should comprehend and endeavor to meet and surpass present and future client needs and desires or expectations. This can be accomplished through open correspondence all through the association, checking consumer loyalty and coherently overseeing client connections. Finally, the study also recommend that SACCO's should create effective corporate administration and the by-laws to accommodate least capability models for both the board individuals and agents for proficient and sound administration which in turns will enhance retention of Sacco’s members.
Keywords:Product management, Customer Care management management and Organization Leadership capacity.

Abstract:The real estate market has experienced significant growth in the last decade with many countries experiencing house price fluctuations. This study investigated the influence of house pricing on the growth of rental income in Nakuru East Sub-county Kenya. The study adopted Hedonic Model of Pricing. Descriptive research study design was employed in the study. The study targeted population was 45 real estate agencies and companies in the Sub-county. Census survey was employed where all 45 managers in the real estate agencies and companies were engaged in data collection. The study used both primary and secondary data. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and was presented in tables and figures. Findings established that house pricing significantly influence the growth of rental income. The study concluded that house pricing have a significant role in determining growth of rental income in Nakuru east sub-county. Therefore, the study recommended that the government should give price subsidies and tax exemptions or concessions on construction materials to companies engaged in housing construction. This in turn would guarantee lower market prices for housing. The high cost of housing as reflected on the final price to the consumer is itself a constraint to providing affordable housing to the city dwellers majority of who are lower and middle income earners. Subsidy programmes that will allow government systems be more equitable in serving more households with affordable shelter are desirable.

Abstract:Social media usage among organizations is growing tremendously. Organizations are now building and maintaining social media public pages to improve their social network salience, enhance interest in their organizations, and build relationships with the online public with majority of the studies on social media usage based on the profit-making organizations. However, not many studies have investigated the actual effect of social media usage on organizational performance of non-government organization. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of social media usage in organizational performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study was carried out in 10 organizations randomly selected from NGOs based in Nairobi County... Questionnaires were administered to 50 members of staff in the communication department. The data obtained was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This posed a challenge on data collection process. Data were collected by using semi- structured questionnaire as a main tool with closed and open-ended questions. Descriptive analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis to assess the effects of social media usage on  the performance of non-governmental  organizations. Results revealed that NGOs used social media to a large extent and had policies on social media. The use of social media significantly contributed to organizational efficiency; it contributed to organizational effectiveness. Moreover, limited internet access, lack of technical competence on the use of social media and failure to control information flow were the main challenges facing NGOs using social media.  It was concluded that NGOs should regularly update their social media accounts, use social media and also develop policies/strategies concerning the use of social media. NGOs should raise awareness and build capacity of their staffs on effective use of social media while the government should develop adequate network infrastructure for internet access across the country. The research recommends that future research could collect empirical evidence using a quantitative approach, such as a survey. Only then, would the results be validated statistically. It also recommends NGOs to invest in building technical competency for communication staffs for effective utilization of social media. They should ensure access to both software and technical expertise of controlling information being posted on organization’s social media account.

Abstract:The general objective of this investigation befell to investigate the effect of strategic positioning on the performance of Professional bodies in Nairobi County. This investigation had four precise research objectives which are: to establish the effect of technological change on the performance of Professional bodies in Nairobi County; to determine the effect of trademark equity on the performance of Professional bodies in Nairobi County; to examine how strategic alliances affect the performance of Professional bodies in Nairobi County; To assess how product reengineering affect the performance of Professional bodies in Nairobi County. The analysis was descriptive in nature and the researcher used a case scrutiny method. Secondary data collected from such a population or census was more reliable. The target population of this investigation was the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya, ICPAK. This means that the staff working at the Institute were the target population of the research investigation. The researcher used a total Population sampling approach in selecting the investigation area of respondents drawn from ICPAK. The researcher used questionnaires and secondary data as the research instruments to gather the relevant information needed to be related to the investigation. The data collected was analyzed using quantitative methods, applying descriptive statistical methods to manipulate it and present the findings in percentages, figures and tables. The findings indicated that the four strategic positioning practices that are product re-engineering, trademark equity, technological change and strategic alliances have a positive and significant effect on the performance of Professional bodies within Nairobi County. The investigation recommends Professional bodies to practice more of technological change. This is because an increase in technological change improves performance significantly. Some of the ways of doing that are by the adoption of online services, ICT infrastructure and innovation. The investigation further recommends Professional bodies to improve their trademark equity more. This is because an increase in trademark equity improves performance significantly. Some of the ways of doing that are by improving the corporate image, customer’s loyalty and negotiating power of the organization. Another recommendation by the investigation is that Professional bodies need to focus more on strategic alliances. This is because an improvement in strategic alliances leads to a significant improvement in performance. This can be achieved through enhancing partnership, synergy development and outsourcing. To the Professional bodies, the study lastly recommends an improvement in product re-engineering practices. This is because an improvement in product reengineering leads to a significant improvement in the performance of Professional bodies within Nairobi County. This can be done by launching new products, improving the existing products and change management leads to a significant improvement in the performance of Professional bodies in Nairobi County.  
Keywords:Product Re-engineering, Strategic Alliance, Strategic Positioning and Technology Change.

Abstract:Ethical procurement practice in both public and private institution in Kenya has strongly emerged due to the malpractices and inefficiencies making procurement process a nagging challenge despite the enactment of the procurement regulations hence the main reason of undertaking this study was to find out the influence of ethical procurement practices on supply chain performance among G4s transport and logistics firms in western Kenya. The specific objectives was to find out confidentiality ethical practice on supply chain performance among G4s transport and logistics firms in western Kenya. Theories in the study were theory of procurement contracts, deontology and agency theory. A descriptive survey design was used. The target population included all the employees in G4s selected regions who were 766 in total. Each employee was given equal chance of inclusion and out of 766 employees the study used 262 employees as sample size. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents who participated in the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. The data was collected and fed in statistical packages of social science (SPSS) and analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential data analysis technique. It was presented in the form of frequency tables. The findings of the study showed  that there existed a positive and statistically significant relationship (r = 0.303; p=0.000< 0.05) between supplier evaluation ethical practice and supply chain performance among G4s firms in Western Kenya. To achieve a competitive advantage in a dynamic business environment, the study recommended that firms should streamline with all parties in the supply chain including the suppliers and customers for a better supply chain performance. It’s hoped that findings enable organizations to understand better the role of ethical procurement practice can play in steering the organization to gain competitive advantage, professional associations in the approach of guiding, training and counselling its members on issues related to ethical procurement practice.
Keywords:Ethical procurement practice, public and private institution, supplier evaluation ethical practice supply chain performance and logistics firms.
Title:INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER EVALUATION ETHICAL PRACTICE ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE AMONG G4S TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS FIRMS IN WESTERN KENYA
Author:Vincent Simiyu, Pauline Keitany, Dr Clive Mukanzi
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
 

Abstract:Though there are several factors to which poor service delivery in the public service is attributed, there is hitherto scarcity of empirical evidence linking strategic performance appraisal to service delivery. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to determine the influence of strategic performance based compensations and rewards on service delivery among civil servants in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government in Nakuru North Sub-County, Kenya. The study was guided by the balanced scorecard model. A survey research design was adopted. The target population constituted all civil servants in Kenya. A sample of 96 respondents was drawn from the accessible population using stratified random sampling technique. The study used a research questionnaire in data collection. Data analysis involved data screening, data coding, data analysis, and interpretation and discussion of results of analyses. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 24 tool was employed in the analysis. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings were presented in tables. The study established that the relationship between performance-based compensation and service delivery was not statistically significant. The study recommended that the Ministry devise clear and feasible reward criteria for all employees to motivate them to improve their performance. In this regard, it is suggested that the Ministry ought to have a clear and specific compensation criteria for all employees. Reward of performing employees should encapsulate both financial and non-financial compensation. It is important for the Ministry to acknowledge and reward superior performance of employees. One major criteria that the Ministry should consider when increasing salaries of employees, is their performance reflected by the results of respective performance appraisal.
Keywords:Compensations, Kenya, Ministry of Interior and Coordination, Rewards, Service Delivery, Strategic Performance.

Abstract:Strategic responses enable the organization to survive in turbulent environment with certainty. This study sought to examine the influence of management style on organizational response to dynamic environment in supermarkets in Nakuru, Kenya. The study was based on Dynamic Capability Theory. The study employed descriptive research design with a target population of 182 management employees in 14 supermarkets in Nakuru. Simple random sampling was used where 80 management employees were selected as the respondents of the study. The study used 5-point Likert scale structured questionnaire to collect data. Questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The analyzed data was presented in tables followed by discussions. The study established that management style had a positive significant relationship with organization response to dynamic business environment. Further, management style had a significant influence on organizational response to dynamic business environment. The study concluded that in order to enhance organizational response of the supermarkets to dynamic environment, right management style must be adopted.It was recommended that supermarkets should embrace management styles that would help them manage changing business environment in a way that assures their survival. Findings established that management styles significantly influence the organizational response to dynamic business environment. Hence supermarkets need to enhance their management style to enhance their chances of survival in a changing business environment.
Keyword:Competitiveness, Dynamic Environment, Management Style, Organizational Response, Supermarket, Wholesale and Retail Supermarkets.

Abstract:The study sought to examine the influence of strategic decision making on strategy implementation in Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO). Theory used in the study was Stewardship Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 64 senior managers in KALRO, Nairobi region. Questionnaires were used for data correction. Questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability. Statistical package for social sciences was used for analyzing data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics which included frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics which included regression and correlation analysis and data was presented in tables. The study established that strategic decision making had a significant influence on strategy implementation. Therefore the study concluded that strategic decision making has a significant influence on strategy implementation in KALRO. The study recommended that the firm should make informed decisions that enable it to implement its strategies. These strategic decisions will enable the firm to come up with decisions that are consistent with its long term goals and objectives used in the long run of the business.
Keywords:Strategy, KALRO, Leadership, Decision Making, Strategy Implementation, Transparency.

Abstract:Voice networks providers thrive in a business environment that is highly competitive which poses a challenge to these firms in penetrating the market and establish a market position. This study sought to determine the influence of brand loyalty creation on competitiveness of Airtel company voice network service provider in Kenya. Theory used in this study was Theory of Competitive Advantage. Descriptive research design was used. The target population of the study included 48 middle level management employees and 140 operational staff working in Airtel Kenya. Hence the total target population was 188 staff members in Airtel Kenya. Random sampling was employed where 98 employees were used as the target population. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability. Statistical package for social sciences was used for analyzing the collected data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and presented in tables. The study established that brand loyalty creation had significant relationship with competitiveness of Airtel Company. As such, brand loyalty creation was important in determining competitiveness of Airtel Company. It was recommended that Airtel should come up with brand loyalty programmes that will help the company to attract more customers.

Abstract:The purpose of this research study was to establish the effects of procurement practices on the performance of public hospitals in Kenya. Public organizations such as public hospitals are often tasked with a duty to provide quality and affordable health care services to their clients who mainly comprise of the members of the public. Hospitals in the public sector are charged with responsibility of high level and quality service provision to register good performance in Kenya, this call for proper procurement practices necessary to accomplish this endeavor. Some quarters of the society have argued that graft is putting health care in Kenya out of reach for many. This happens despite the enactment of procurement laws of PPOA and PPDA to control and manage procurement functions in public entities like public hospitals. The overall objective of this study was to assess the effect of procurement practices on the performance of public hospitals in Kenya. The specific study objectives were, to find out the effects of tendering practice, supplier selection practice and ethical practice on the performance of public hospitals with reference to Kenya and effect of inventory control practice on procurement performance of public hospitals in Kenya. The research study took a comparative study design. The target population comprised of 17 and 22 Level four and above public hospitals in both Nyamira and Kisii counties respectively, where a sample size of 279 subjects were chosen as respondents. Questionnaires were then administered to collect data from the respondents. The data was finally analyzed using both descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics like regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis to obtain findings vital for the research study. This helped to unveil the effects of procurement practices on the performance of public hospitals in Kenya. The findings indicate that tendering practices, supplier selection policies, ethical practices and inventory control had significant positive influence on performance of public hospitals in Kenya. Ethical practice showed a stronger positive influence among the variables on performance of public hospitals. The study recommends hospitals to streamline their sourcing processes to avoid recurrence of challenges. In addition, hospitals should revise their procurement policies more often to keep them updated to the best standards. I recommend use of inventory control system to manage the quantity and quality of stock held. Finally, hospitals should embrace competitive tendering processes to obtain value for money. 
Keywords:Inventory Control, Ethics, Procurement Performance and Procurement Practice.
Title:EFFECT OF PROCUREMENT PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN KENYA: (A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NYAMIRA AND KISII COUNTIES)

Abstract:The general objective of this project was to evaluate the factors influencing sustainability of CDF funded projects in Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to determine the influence of fund allocation on the sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya; to establish the influence of governance on the sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya; to find out the influence of stakeholders involvement on the sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya and finally to find out the influence of political interest on the sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya. The study used descriptive design because it enhanced systematic description that is as accurate, valid and reliable as possible regarding the responses. The study was limited to all the Eldama Ravine Constituency Project Management Committees (PMCs) currently implementing projects funded by the constituency development funds. This population comprised of 500 PMC members drawn from 20 on going CDF Funded projects in Eldama Ravine Constituency. Being an academic study, the period to be covered was 6 months. This study utilized a sample size of 150.The use of 150 respondents in the study was justified as it was in line with the recommendations of Mugenda and Mugenda (2009) who indicated that a descriptive study should include at least 30% of the total population. Since the sample size of 150 represented 30% of the population it was deemed appropriate. The researcher used questionnaires and secondary data as the research instrument to gather the relevant information needed related to the study. The study involved use of professionals and experts to test the validity of questionnaire by trying to assess what concept the instrument is trying to measure and the accuracy of representation of the concept under research. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, the study used multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. This study concluded that fund allocation had a significant and positive influence on the sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya. The study further concluded governance had a significant and positive influence on the sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya. The study also concluded that stakeholder’s involvement significantly and positively affected sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya. The study finally concluded that political interest significantly and positively affected sustainability of constituency development funded projects in Kenya. The study recommends that there should be adequate funding for all CDF projects to fully operate. The study also recommends that improvement on governance through allowing CDF projects to be open to public scrutiny as well as allowing the fair methods of elections will facilitate performance of CDF funded project. The study further recommends that the community in which the CDF projects are being initiated should be involved at all stages of the project cycle since they are the beneficiaries and failure to do so would lead to failure of many projects. Finally, the study recommends that Project managers in charge of CDF should ensure that their operations and daily routine are not interfered by politicians and other leaders.
Keywords:fund allocation, governance, stakeholders involvement and political interest.
Title:FACTORS INFLUENCING SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF PROJECTS IN ELDAMA RAVINE CONSTITUENCY
Author:MARK KIPROP KIBET, DR. WILBERFORCE SENELWA

Abstract:This study sought to find out the various determinants of effective compliance to public procurement rules and regulations in NCA. To achieve this, the study used four objectives; determine the effect of National Construction Authority procurement staff training with the Public Procurement and Disposal Regulations (PPDR) on compliance with public procurement rules and regulations in Kenya, assess the effect of observation of ethical practices during tender processing in NCA with PPDR and determine the effect of government enforcement mechanisms in NCA compliance to public procurement rules and regulations in Kenya. The target population of this study was 2000 respondents who were drawn from procurement, training officers, IT department who generate certificate, compliance department, finance department and registration officers. Sample size was 13% of the total population (2000), making it 264 respondents. Fishers formulae was used to arrive at 264 respondents. Data analysis was done by aid of SPSS version 22.0.Descriptive statistics was used which included frequencies and percentages. Data was presented in form of tables and charts, lastly conclusions and recommendations will be made. This study concluded that staff competency and training had a significant and positive influence on the public procurement rules and regulations in Kenya among selected members of NCA in Kitui region. Training would equip those involved in the procurement process with the requirements of the regulations and improve their skills in specialized aspects of procurement. Continuous training will ensure compliance learning, innovation and improvement. The study concluded that ethical practices had a significant and positive influence on the public procurement rules and regulations in Kenya among selected members of NCA in Kitui region. Therefore, we can conclude that there is strong positive relationship between compliance to procurement ethics and the performance of the public sector. From the findings, it was discovered that a significant number of unethical procurement practices are yet to be curbed which include unprofessional ethics. Finally, the study concluded that enforcement of regulations had a significant and positive influence on the public procurement rules and regulations in Kenya among selected members of NCA in Kitui region. This implies that the enforcement of procurement regulations in an organization encourages compliance to public procurement rules and regulations. The study recommends that National construction authority should also train its procurement staff and stakeholders on the procedures, procurement matrix, methods of procurement, professionalism and excellence to effective compliance to public procurement rules and regulations in Kenya so as to provide consistency to effective compliance to public procurement rules and regulations and reduce costs that may relate to non- compliance such as poor quality costs. The study further recommends that e study recommends that National construction authority need to institute measures to curb unethical practices like unprofessional ethics to enhance effective compliance to public procurement rules and regulations in Kenya.Finally,the study recommends that proper enforcement systems should be embraced by the National construction authority in conjunction with the Public Procurement oversight Authority to help enhance compliance to procedures spelt out in the Public procurement and Disposal Regulations and uphold the spirit of transparency, value for money and fairness in public sector.
Keywords:Staff training & Competency, ethical practices and government enforcement.

Abstract:This research will seek to find out the effect of disbursement of funds on procurement performance in Nyeri sub-county. The objectives is to determine the effect of delayed funding of projects, insufficient funds, mandatory returns of unspent funds and coordination between treasury and decentralized ministries on Public Procurement performance .A Questionnaire was used to collect data using drop and pick method. Validation of the method and instrument used will be carried out before presentation. Data collected was entered into (SPSS) i.e. Statistical Packages for Social Scientists and analyzed using descriptive statistics where frequencies and percentages was computed and inferential statistics where Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression will be computed. Study results was presented in frequency and percentage tables and charts while the explanation to the same presented in prose. The findings of this study is of great importance to the formulation and implementation of funding policies in the government of Kenya. It also enhance performance in management of procurement functions. The study concluded that Delay in releasing of Funds significantly and positively influenced public procurement performance at Nyeri Sub-County. This implies that procurement processes is a project within a project and require sufficient resources to be available on time like any other projects. The study further concluded that insufficient funds has a significant and a positive effect on public procurement performance at Nyeri Sub-County. This implies that funding fluctuations, gaps and reductions inevitably affect the completion of procurement project. The study also, came into a conclusion that returning unspent money had significant and a positive effect on public procurement performance at Nyeri Sub-County. This implies that procurement project are likely to stay un delivered as the funds have high chances of being declared unspent. Finally, the research concluded that coordination had a significant and positive effect on the public procurement performance at Nyeri Sub-County. This implies that public organization can be effective and efficient through enhancing the coordination between central government and decentralize departments which in turns improve the process of procurement. The study therefore, recommends that the Government should implement a payment programme with a convenient repayment system which in turn will enhance public procurement performance. The study established that public organizations always compromise quality for quantity because of insufficient funds, the study recommends that procurement projects for public organizations should adequately funded to avoid such problem from occurring in the future. Since the Unspent funds once returned cannot be reimbursed at the beginning of the following financial year, the also study recommends that adequate policies should be put in place to ensure that unspent funds are full utilized which in turn will ensure continuity of the abandon planned projects. The study finally recommends that in order to enhance the public procurement performance in the country, all the decentralized department in the public organization should be fully be engaged in budgeting process.
Keywords:delay in releasing of funds, insufficient funds, returning unspent money and coordination.

Abstract:Sustainable procurement is involving issues touching on social and ethical purchasing, minimizing environmental impact through the supply chain, delivering economically sound solutions and good business practice. The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of implementation of sustainable procurement in public sector; case of state corporations in the Ministry of Industrialization and enterprise development. The study targeted employees from the procurement department in seven state corporations under the Ministry Specifically, the study assessed how perceived costs, sourcing of supply and top management support influence sustainable procurement, what the sustainability impacts and how to implement sustainable procurement practically. The finding is also used by the public procurement regulatory authority with regard to regulation, framework and policies that will help in operations of public procurement. The finding make several contributions to the field of policy makers, practitioners, scholars and researchers interested in sustainable procurement in the public sector. The study used descriptive study design using a target population from state corporations in the ministry of industrialization where structured questionnaire will be used. Quantitative data was analyzed through statistical techniques and was generated using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and data obtained will be communicated through pie charts, tables and bar graphs. The research draws on the four theories Resource based, transactional, institutional and transformational theories and existing sustainable procurement literature. From the study findings, this study concludes that perceived cost negatively affect Purchasing of sustainable products, Environment friendly products and Policies implementation on environmental degradation through monetary constraint and purchasing cost. The study concludes further that top management support purchasing of sustainable products, Environment friendly products and Policies implementation on environmental degradation through close collaborative relationship, organizational policies and resources allocation. Furthermore, the study made a conclusion that Staff Involvement enhances Purchasing of sustainable products, Environment friendly products and Policies implementation on environmental degradation through competencies of senior management, staff motivation and staff training. Finally, the study concluded that organizational culture enhances purchasing of sustainable products, environment friendly products and policies implementation on environmental degradation through staff training, structures and   attitudes. This study recommends that while sustainable procurement practices cost more, public sector should focus on the lifecycle costs, a sustainable product may cost more initially, but a longer lifespan and lower maintenance cost means the total cost of ownership is lower than that of a non-sustainable product. This study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should ensure that there is structural and organizational change to support implementation of sustainable procurement practices, organizations should also improve on relationships between management and stakeholders so as to ensure top level management support. Since staff involvement plays a big a role in promoting adoption of sustainable procurement practices, the study recommends that the organization should ensure that its staff has sufficient special techno-economic knowledge and openness to new, effective methods to ensure, internal expertise on sustainable procurement practices topics when assessing tenders for sustainable procurement practices implementation through training and communication. Since staff involvement plays a big a role in promoting adoption of green procurement practices, the study recommends that the organization should ensure that its staff has sufficient special techno-economic knowledge and openness to new, effective methods to ensure, internal expertise on green procurement practices topics when assessing tenders for green procurement practices implementation through training and communication.
Keywords:Effectiveness of Procurement, Procurement Act, and Public procurement.
Title:FACTORS AFFECTING SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN THE MINISTRY OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
Author:RHODA KIRUI, Dr. Samson Nyang’au Paul
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplier relationship management on procurement performance in Kenya. State corporations play a major role in the development of a country through provisions of essential services to the public therefore propelling development. However, state corporations are faced with lack of clarity of vision, poor management, corruption and inefficiency during procurement processes. Supplier relations are not fully exploited with short term contracts and arms-length approaches still being reported. In this process value is lost. The overall objective of this study was to establish how supplier relationship management can influence procurement performance in state corporations in Kenya. In particular, this study examined the influence of collaboration, trust, supplier evaluation and Supplier development on procurement performance in State corporations in Kenya.  This study adopted a descriptive survey design to establish to which extent the independent variables affected procurement performance in state corporations in Kenya. Qualitative data was obtained from published   sources like internet sites, library books, reports from journals and published theses. The top management and staff from procurement, stores, ICT, finance and production staff formed the target population. A sample frame of 80 respondents were chosen for this study.  Self-administered questionnaires were dropped and picked at a later date to give ample time for them to fill.  The questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability using Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Multiple regression analysis    and correlational analysis were used to analyze the effect of independent variables on dependent variable. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Excel 2016 to obtain quantitative measures used in this study. Charts and tables were used to present analyzed results. The findings indicate that collaboration, supplier evaluation, trust and supplier development had a positive statistical relationship on procurement performance in state corporations in Kenya. Further, supplier development showed a stronger positive influence on procurement performance. The study recommends   more stringent measures to ensure contractual obligations of suppliers are met. In addition, more funds should be allocated to supplier development activities to ensure capacity improvement of suppliers. Finally, state corporations should develop vendor rating systems and information communication tools to facilitate closer relations and appraisal so that remedial action can be taken.
Keywords:Collaboration, Supplier Evaluation, Supplier Development and State Corporation.
Title:INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA:  (A CASE OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY)

Abstract:The general objectives of this project was to evaluate the influence of porter’s five model strategy on the performance of the manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to evaluate the influence of rivalry among existing competitors on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya; to find out the influence of threat of new market entrants on the on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya; to determine the influence of bargaining power of buyers on the on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya and to evaluate the influence of threat of substitute products on the on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study used descriptive design because it enhance systematic description that is as accurate, valid and reliable as possible regarding the responses. The study was limited to the manufacturing companies in Kenya. Being an academic study, the period covered was 6 months. This study utilized a sample size of 54 respondents. The researcher used questionnaires and secondary data as the research instrument to gather the relevant information needed related to the study. The study involved use of professionals and experts to test the validity of questionnaire by trying to assess what concept the instrument is trying to measure and the accuracy of representation of the concept under research. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition the study used multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. The study concludes that there is great significance of competitors in benchmarking; keeping the management on toes and increasing efficiency and effectiveness. The study further concludes that the threat of new entrants applies to in the Kenyan manufacturing Industry due to the presence of various competing organizations performing similar roles and offering such products and services at lower rates. This study also concludes that the bargaining power of buyers in the Kenyan manufacturing Industry is critical in terms of understanding the firms’ buyers and successfully meeting their demands as a way of retaining them and achieving high customer satisfaction for repeat sales.The study finally concludes that substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices. Owing to the strong relationship between substitutes and the competitive advantage in the manufacturing Industry in Kenya, the strength and effects of substitutes should not be ignored.

Abstract:Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach for transforming and reorienting agricultural systems to support food security under the new realities of climate change. The study intended to assess the influence of climate smart agricultural projects on food security in West Pokot County (WPC).Food security is at the center of accelerating economic development. The study was guided by the following objectives: - to find out the influence of CSA policies awareness on food security West Pokot County. It was steered by the basic notion of the systems theory, resilience theory in climate smart agriculture projects, theory of change in adaptation to climate change and the social- ecological theory on food security. The study employed a descriptive research design targeting 260 farmer groups from whom a sample size of 130 was drawn using simple random sampling. Questionnaire was the main primary tool for data collection. Inferential statistics and regression analysis was applied in interpreting the findings from data collected. The results showed that there was a partial positive and statistically significant correlation between food security and CSA practices awareness (r= 0.117, p= 0.003). The study findings will be important in informing policy formulation both at County and National level to address food insecurity while sufficiently mitigating the effects of climate change through implementation of relevant and adaptable climate smart agricultural projects as a form of sustainable agriculture and food security.

Abstract:The general objective in this study was to examine the effect of risk management practices on the performance of infrastructure projects within Kitui County. The main objectives included; determining the  effect of risk identification on infrastructure projects performance; to examine the effect of risk mitigation on the performance of infrastructure projects; to determine effect of the risk monitoring on the performance of infrastructure projects and finally, finding out the effect of risk assessment on the performance of infrastructure projects. The study used descriptive design because it enhanced systematic description that is as accurate, valid and reliable as possible regarding the responses. The target population therefore comprised of 484 respondents who were drawn from the infrastructure companies from Kitui County. This study utilized a sample size of 145. The response rate was drawn from 121 questionnaires that were fully filled and returned. The researcher used questionnaires as the research instrument to gather the relevant data. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analysis. The analysis was conducted scientifically through SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The findings of the study concluded that risk identification has the highest positive influence on the performance of infrastructure projects in Kitui County, followed closely by risk mitigation. The study also concluded risk monitoring and risk assessment had significant and a positive effect on infrastructure projects in Kitui County. The study recommends that the management of infrastructure companies of Kitui County should put in place cost-effective measures for timely risk identification to ensure that their performance of infrastructure projects are not impacted negatively. Among the recommendations to be considered, include proper risk mitigation planning, and putting in place risk control and monitoring management strategies. Moreover, the companies should consider having a risk analysis and evaluation management strategy to enhance performance of infrastructure projects.
Keywords:risk identification, risk mitigation, risk monitoring and risk assessment.

Abstract:The enactment of the Microfinance Act of 2006 and the related prudential regulations in 2008 was perceived to have been a significant development in the financial services sector. The resultant institutions were authorized by Central Bank of Kenya under this law to mobilize deposits from the public. Past studies on expansion of financial access and more broadly financial inclusion in Kenya have mainly focused on the entire spectrum of financial services providers with none assessing the effect of compliance to the microfinance regulations on the microfinance banks’ financial inclusion strategies. This study sought to determine the effect of compliance to the regulations on the implementation of financial inclusion strategies specifically by microfinance banks in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to determine whether compliance to the regulations has enabled the microfinance banks to implement their financial inclusion strategies or not. This study used a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was the 13 licensed microfinance banks as listed on the Central Bank of Kenya as at 25th January, 2017. The study purposively sampled 4 respondents from each of the 13 microfinance banks i.e. 2 senior managers (who are likely to have been highly involved in the development of the strategies) and 2 branch managers (who are highly involved in the implementation of the strategies) thus making a targeted sample of 52 respondents.  A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry, storage and analysis was done with the aid of Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Thereafter, both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done. Frequencies and percentages were used and the presentation of the findings prepared in tables. Correlation and regression analysis was used to establish the association and effect of compliance with the microfinance regulations implementation of financial inclusion strategies. The study established and concluded that compliance to capital requirements significantly and negatively affected implementation of financial inclusion strategies by microfinance banks. The study also established that compliance to licensing and supervision requirements have a significant and a negative effect on implementation of financial inclusion strategies by microfinance banks. Further, the study concluded that that compliance to documentation and identification requirements had significant and a negative effect on implementation of financial inclusion strategies by microfinance banks. Unlike the other independent variables, the study concluded that governance and management structures requirements have a significant but positive effect on the implementation of financial inclusion strategies by microfinance banks. The study recommends that CBK should consider setting up different requirements not merely based upon being a microfinance bank but also the perceived risk from the products and target populations that the microfinance bank is focusing on. Further, the study recommends that microfinance banks targeting low-density and poor populations should be offered rebates on taxation as well as lower thresholds in terms of requirements for their access points like branches and third party agents. The study also recommends that alternative know-your-customer and anti-money laundering documents be considered for clients who may not have conventional identification documents.  The study recommends that microfinance banks and CBK continue adhering and upholding the requirements on governance and management because it is clear that compliance to these requirements has had a positive effect on implementation of financial inclusion strategies.
Keywords:compliance to capital requirements, compliance to licensing & supervision, compliance to documentation &identification and governance & management structures.

Abstract:In the present microfinance institutions in Kitale, Performance shift from different Microfinance institutions over time a situation that has led to managers’ complaints on matters of customers’ retention. The broad objective of the study was to examine the factors that influence performance of Microfinance institutions in Kitale town. The study specific objective  was to examine the influence of quality of service on the performance of the Microfinance institutions. The study was based on the Loyalty Business Model which posits that, customer satisfaction is first based on a recent experience of the product or service, Equity Theory that holds that people develop and maintain relationship in which rewards are distributed in proportion to costs and Social Exchange Theory that posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives that people develop relationships, which yield the greatest profits. Descriptive survey design was applied with a target a population of 28,860 customers served by the 6 Microfinance institutions in Kitale, Kenya. Stratified sampling methods was applied to obtain sample size, 384 customers’ from 6 Microfinance institutions in Kitale Town. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaires. Data analysis was done as per the objectives of the study. The data was analyzed at two levels. In descriptive data analysis, tables and percentages was used and in quantitative data analysis, correlation, regression and ANOVA tools  used. The SPSS computer program was used to aid in analysis. Multiple linear regression and correlation model was also used to analyze data by establishing the interrelationships between independent and dependent variable. It was confirmed that there are positive relationships between Quality of service, and performance of microfinance institutions. The findings of the study was to be useful to Microfinance institutions seeking to improve the customer loyalty. This research study contributed to the body of knowledge on the best practices of performance within Microfinance institution.
Keywords:Quality of Service, Financial Performance.

Abstract:Unprecedented number of institutions have reorganized their divisions, restructured their assets, streamlined their operations and spun-off their divisions in a bid to spur performance. This enabled them to respond quickly and more effectively to new opportunities and unexpected pressures so as to reestablish their competitive advantage.  In the recent past difficult operating conditions have motivated institutions to restructure by either retrenching staff for downsizing their scope of operations.  The general objective of this research project was to evaluate the effect of institutional restructuring on the performance of public service sector in Kenya. Chapter one explored the background of the study at the global, regional and local perspectives. Chapter two was guided by the transaction cost economic theory, stakeholder’s theory, diffusion process theory and resource-based view theory. Chapter three presents the research design, population of the study, sampling frame, data collection instrument, data collection procedure and analysis. The study used descriptive research design because it enhanced systematic description that is as accurate, valid and reliable as possible regarding the responses. The study was conducted at Directorate of Public Service Management at Teleposta Towers. The sample population was senior management, middle level management and non-management staff.  Data was collected using a questionnaire administered to the various respondents.  The questionnaire was edited for completeness before being entered into the SPSS computer package for analysis. Both inferential statistics was used and findings were presented in form of tables. The finding indicated that through skills development there is improvement in service delivery and also and that knowledge expansion is as a result of skills development.  Furthermore, the study finding shows that human capital, with proper training and experience is vital for the performance of public sector.  The study finding further shows that quality service will create a strong bond between the client and the supplier.  Finally, the study finding indicated that continuous improvement through staff development motivates employee to develop their career in the public sector. Regarding Operational restructuring strategy, the study confirms that operational restructuring strategy affect performance of public service in Kenya given by multiple linear regression model which revealed that operational restructuring strategy is significantly and positively affect performance of public service. Furthermore, the study established that leadership Styles had a significant and positive effect on the performance of public service in Kenya. The study also established that process restructuring strategy had significant and a positive effect on the performance of public service in Kenya. Finally, the study established that career development had significant and a positive effect on the performance of public service in Kenya. The study recommends that any proposed changes to the structure of Directorate of Public Service Management through operational restructuring should be costed not only for approval by senior management but also to determine the operational costs accruing. The study further established that leadership styles influence performance of public service and it is recommended that the company leadership should have strong leadership skills through continuance learning of new methods and to keep up with the changes in the environment in order to ensure commitment of the employees.  The study also recommends that the Directorate of Public Service Management should ensure new service introduction, reduction of costs and improved innovation process to enhance performance of the of public service.

Abstract:This study sought to determine the influence of supplier selection on performance of procurement function of technical institutes in Trans Nzoia County. The technical institutes were involved in the survey. To achieve the objective of the study was to determine the influence of Supplier’s quality commitment on procurement performance in technical institutes in Trans Nzoia County. The study was a survey type where data was collected in technical institutes in Trans NzoiaCounty at a single point in time. The population of the study was210 employees in the technical institutes in Trans NzoiaCounty. Data was collected through structured questionnaires that were administered by the researcher personally. The collected data was analysed through SPSS version 21. Correlation analysis was used to describe the variables in the study while regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of supplier evaluation on performance of procurement function of the public institutions in Trans Nzoia County in Kenya.The responses to the questions was interpreted and put into different specific and relevant categories. Being a descriptive research the data was analyzed and tabulated using descriptive methods which illustrated the diverse findings of the study. The descriptive methods involved; frequencies, percentages and presentations of tables. The study found out that Supplier’s quality commitment has a significant influence on procurement performance in technical institutes in Trans Nzoia County. The study therefore recommended the following; the county government of Trans Nzoia should ensure that supplier’s quality commitment is taken into consideration when making supplier selection decisions in different public institutions within the county. The institution should ensure that measures are put to determine supplier financial capability in the organization since it is the key to good procurement performance. The institution should provide proper and clear channels for suppliers to communicate their problems.  The county government of Trans Nzoia should enable a commitment environment between Suppliers and work in relation to quality performance in procurement. The county government of Trans Nzoia should ensure that suppliers are trained to be competent enough in their dealings. The county government of Trans Nzoia should come up with procurement training programmes to enable the supplier’s aware quality.
Keywords:  Supplier Selection, Supplier’s Quality Commitmen.
Title:Influence of Supplier Selection on Procurement Performance in Technical Institutions in Trans-Nzoia County in Kenya

Abstract:Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) serve to protect marine and coastal ecosystems and processes. An effective management plan is crucial for these objectives to be reached and various principles and methods are necessary including education, outreach and awareness building.  Due to the limited scope of research on MPAs in Gozo, this study was constructed in order to shed light on the knowledge and values Gozitan people have on MPAs and how education can enact change that leads towards increased social responsibility. Two Gozitan areas with a MPA in their locality (Xagħra and San Lawrenz) and a locality without a MPA (Victoria) were identified as being ideal for this study. A mixed method approach was adopted for this study and entailed the collection of data from qualitative and quantitative aspects. This paper will focus on the quantitative part of the research that consisted of extended questionnaires distributed in the three localities. The analysis of the quantitative data was carried out through SPSS and included descriptive analysis for each question followed by inferential statistics. The study shows that there is lack of knowledge with regards to MPAs and that the value associated with them is mainly ecological. Moreover, results show that there is a general demand for more education and awareness on MPAs.  In response to these findings, a model is presented that visually illustrates the links discovered through this research. A number of possible activities involving different stakeholders who could contribute towards incorporating ESD principles in marine education and in fostering social responsibility are presented through a list of recommendations.